Abstract
Benefiting
from
similar
hydrogen
bonding
energy
to
Pt
and
much
lower
price
compare
with
Pt,
Ru
based
catalysts
are
promising
candidates
for
electrocatalytic
evolution
reaction
(HER).
The
catalytic
activity
of
nanoparticles
can
be
enhanced
through
improving
their
dispersion
by
using
different
supports,
the
strong
metal
supports
interaction
further
regulate
performance.
In
addition,
single‐atom
(SACs)
almost
100%
atomic
utilization
attract
great
attention
coordinative
atmosphere
single
atoms
adjusted
supports.
Moreover,
syngenetic
effects
improve
performance
catalysts.
this
review,
progress
HER
electrocatalysts
summarized
according
existing
forms,
including
(NPs),
(SAs)
combination
both
NPs
SAs.
common
such
as
carbon
materials,
oxides,
phosphides
sulfides
classified
clarify
active
centers.
Especially,
possible
mechanisms
reasons
improved
discussed
experimental
results
theoretical
calculations.
Finally,
some
challenges
opportunities
prospected
facilitate
development
HER.
EcoEnergy,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
2(1), С. 45 - 82
Опубликована: Фев. 22, 2024
Abstract
Metal
suboxides
have
emerged
as
a
class
of
promising
candidates
for
many
electrocatalytic
applications
owing
to
their
enhanced
electrical
conductivity
and
chemical
activities.
In
this
review,
we
summarized
the
recent
progress
metal
suboxides.
We
firstly
introduced
discovery
suboxides,
categories
according
element
tables.
Then
various
synthetic
methods
been
systematically
illustrated
involving
solid‐state
synthesis,
high‐temperature
low‐temperature
synthesis
plasma‐driven
methods,
etc.
addition,
demonstrated
in
field
water,
carbon
nitrogen
cycle‐based
energy
catalysis
technologies
electrochemical
hydrogen
evolution
reaction,
oxygen
reduction
dioxide
reduction,
urea
oxidation
methanol
reaction
nitrate
Finally,
make
brief
conclusion
about
developments
giving
an
outlook
future
research
challenges.
These
insights
are
expected
hold
promise
developing
suboxide
catalysts
toward
practical
applications.
Abstract
The
development
of
efficient
and
durable
non‐precious
hydrogen
evolution
reaction
(HER)
catalysts
for
scaling
up
alkaline
water/seawater
electrolysis
is
highly
desirable
but
challenging.
Amorphous‐crystalline
(A‐C)
heterostructures
have
garnered
attention
due
to
their
unusual
atomic
arrangements
at
hetero‐interfaces,
exposed
active
sites,
excellent
stability.
Here,
a
heterogeneous
synthesis
strategy
constructing
A‐C
non‐homogeneous
interfacial
centers
electrocatalysts
on
nanocages
presented.
Isolated
PdCo
clusters
nanoscale
islands
in
conjunction
with
Co
3
S
4
A‐C,
functioning
as
bifunctional
site
“island‐sea”
synergy,
enable
the
dynamic
confinement
design
metal
atoms,
resulting
HER
catalytic
activity
durability.
hierarchical
structure
hollow
porous
nanoclusters,
along
large
surface
area
multi‐dimensional
boundaries
defects,
provides
catalyst
abundant
centers.
Theoretical
calculations
demonstrate
that
combination
regulates
redistribution
interface
electrons
effectively,
promoting
sluggish
water‐dissociation
kinetics
cluster
sites.
Additionally,
PdCo‐Co
heterostructure
exhibit
outstanding
seawater
long‐term
stability
100
h,
which
can
be
powered
by
commercial
silicon
solar
cells.
This
finding
significantly
advances
large‐scale
production.
To
address
energy
shortages
and
environmental
issues,
prioritizing
renewable
development
usage
is
crucial.
Employing
sources
for
water
electrolysis
offers
a
sustainable
method
hydrogen
generation.
Reducing
the
potential
vital
efficient
clean
conversion
storage.
Substituting
anodic
oxygen
evolution
reaction
in
conventional
production
from
with
more
thermodynamically
favorable
5-hydroxymethylfurfural
(HMF)
oxidation
can
greatly
decrease
overpotential
yield
valuable
product
2,5-furan
dicarboxylic
acid.
The
key
to
this
process
developing
effective
electrocatalysts
minimize
of
HMF
electrooxidation-hydrogen
system.
Therefore,
review
provides
comprehensive
introduction
modulation
strategies
that
affect
electronic
geometric
structure
oxidation-assisted
splitting.
encompass
heteroatom
doping,
defect
projection,
interface
engineering,
structural
design,
multi-metal
synergies.
catalysts
are
assessed
various
angles,
encompassing
characterization,
mechanisms,
electrochemical
performance.
Finally,
current
challenges
catalyst
design
promising
field
proposed.
