Crystals,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
13(11), С. 1584 - 1584
Опубликована: Ноя. 14, 2023
The
ever-increasing
food
demand
associated
with
the
growing
human
population
poses
similar
challenges
to
both
farmers
and
fertilizer
producers.
In
view
of
climate
change
increasing
area
infertile
land,
it
is
very
important
use
correctly
balanced
highly
effective
fertilizers
in
agriculture.
Water-soluble
are
becoming
more
popular.
It
convenient
them
together
irrigation
water
because
this
reduces
negative
effects
droughts
accelerates
assimilation
nutrients
needed
by
plants.
aim
work
was
synthesize
urea
phosphate
(UP)
(water-soluble
complex
nitrogen–phosphorus
NPF)
through
reaction
phosphoric
acid
urea.
most
moment
that
synthesis
carried
out
using
a
purified
wet-process
(PWPA)
varying
stoichiometric
ratio
duration
time
crystallization.
Based
on
results
experiment,
found
that,
presence
excess
acid,
concentration
phosphorus
pentoxide
(P2O5)
too
high,
amide
nitrogen
(Namide)
low,
vice
versa.
best
P2O5
Namide
determined
when
reactants
were
used
1.0:1.0.
Crystallization
at
20
°C
different
times:
30,
60,
90
120
min.
Analysis
chemical
composition
synthesized
determination
main
components,
i.e.,
concentrations,
performed
standard
analysis
methods.
Using
optical
emission
spectroscopy,
concentrations
elements
(sulphur,
aluminium,
iron,
calcium,
magnesium,
silicon,
etc.)
also
product.
During
not
only
product,
but
resulting
crystals
their
size
shape—properties
dependent
crystallization—were
analysed.
thermal
stability
UP
investigated
simultaneous
analysis;
crystallinity
X-ray
diffraction
identification
groups
Fourier
Transform
Infrared
spectroscopy
shape
scan
electron
microscopy
microscope
techniques.
Voprosy Khimii i Khimicheskoi Tekhnologii,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
4, С. 51 - 60
Опубликована: Сен. 1, 2024
The
work
is
devoted
to
the
determination
of
technologically
appropriate
conditions
for
preparation
chemically
pure
salts
sodium
and
potassium
orthophosphates
based
on
solutions
formed
after
purification
orthophosphate
acid
from
impurities
toxic
elements
by
method
complete
ammonization
with
parallel
co-precipitation
dicalcium
phosphate.
Based
calculated
solubility
polytherms
mixtures
chlorides
sodium,
potassium,
ammonium
at
temperatures
0–1000С,
their
selective
crystallization
were
determined.
results
calculations
are
compared
experimental
data
under
laboratory
conditions.
phase
compositions
sediments
confirmed
XRD
method.
It
was
shown
that
following
can
be
prepared
using
methods
isothermal-isohydric
conversion:
Na2HPO4
(with
a
yield
up
96%),
NaH2PO4
34%)
KH2PO4
41%).
crystalline
increased
64%
converting
KCl.
Measurements
content
compounds
Cd(II),
As(III),
Cu(II),
Pb(II)
fluorine
in
synthesized
showed
they
levels
lower
than
current
requirements
maximum
permissible
concentrations,
therefore
used
as
food
additives.
Purification
of
wet-process
phosphoric
acid
(WPA)
is
a
crucial
step
in
the
preparation
high-purity
phosphorus
chemical
products.
The
commonly
used
purification
method
industry
solvent
extraction.
However,
high
value
utilization
raffinate
has
not
been
solved.
In
this
study,
new
process
proposed
for
tri-n-octylamine
(TOA)
extracting
WPA
without
and
preparing
fine
phosphates.
TOA
an
efficient
acid.
But
little
research
conducted
on
application
purification.
factors
affecting
extraction
efficiency
H3PO4
with
were
investigated
to
obtain
conditions
Especially,
concentration
initial
phase
ratio
are
most
significant
factors.
theoretical
stages
counter-current
predicted
by
McCabe-Thiele
analysis
achieve
rate
over
95%.
complex
(4TOA•3H3PO4•10H2O,
TOA•H3PO4•3H2O,
TOA•2H3PO4•3H2O)
mechanism
confirmed
according
extractant
composition,
FT-IR
NMR
spectrum
characterization.
Finally,
1.2
mol/L
extracted
from
after
deep
defluorination
four
purity
phosphates
prepared.
Overall,
study
provides
novel
phosphate
using
raffinate.
It
beneficial
mineral
resources
environmental
protection.
