The
transportation
sector
is
Indonesia's
largest
energy
demand
and
has
rapidly
increased
over
the
last
decade,
consuming
more
than
2.4
million
TJ
in
2022.
With
most
of
this
coming
from
fossil
fuels,
government
set
policies
to
reduce
sector`s
climate
impacts.
This
study
examines
impact
these
on
future
demand,
resources
needed,
limiting
factors
implementation.
Our
results
show
that
can
decrease
sector,
but
there
will
be
shifts
primary
mix.
Coal
gasoline
even
under
31%
renewables
goal.
for
critical
minerals
would
also
substantial
following
increase
renewables.
While
Indonesia
one
nickel
reserves,
it
still
require
other
could
threaten
security.
Furthermore,
massive
land
use
required
meet
goals
a
factor
achieving
goals.
finding
serves
as
valuable
information
policymakers
when
planning
resource
supply
emission
target.
Energies,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
17(16), С. 4138 - 4138
Опубликована: Авг. 20, 2024
The
growing
demand
for
personal
mobility
is
leading
to
an
increase
in
vehicle
use,
which
turn
contributing
higher
carbon
emissions.
It
widely
acknowledged
that
emission-free
electric
vehicles
(EVs)
will
play
a
pivotal
role
the
decarbonization
process,
particularly
of
transport
systems.
objective
this
paper
was
present
trends
Poland,
together
with
identification
market
shocks
and
assessment
programs
supporting
electromobility.
number
imported
domestically
purchased
new
used
(BEV)
registrations
analyzed
using
TRAMO-SEATS
ARIMA-X-12
seasonal
adjustment
methods.
rise
sales
Poland
driven
by
government’s
electromobility
support
alterations
tax
legislation,
no
discernible
impact.
increased
significantly,
exhibiting
upward
trajectory.
However,
growth
constrained
inadequate
charging
stations,
are
primarily
powered
electricity
derived
from
coal.
Consequently,
while
development
evident,
process
remains
challenge.
Batteries,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
10(11), С. 377 - 377
Опубликована: Окт. 27, 2024
The
Detroit
Big
Three
General
Motors
(GMs),
Ford,
and
Stellantis
predict
that
electric
vehicle
(EV)
sales
will
comprise
40–50%
of
the
annual
by
2030.
Among
key
components
LIBs,
LiNixMnyCo1−x−yO2
cathode,
which
comprises
nickel,
manganese,
cobalt
(NMC)
in
various
stoichiometric
ratios,
is
widely
used
EV
batteries.
This
review
reveals
NMC
cathodes
from
laboratory
research.
Furthermore,
this
study
examines
environmental
effect
cathode
production
for
batteries
(including
coating
technologies),
encompassing
aspects
such
as
energy
consumption,
water
usage,
air
emissions.
Although
gaps
persist
assessments
(NMC111,
NMC532,
NMC622,
NMC811),
limited
life
cycle
“(LCA)”
have
been
conducted.
Most
available
data
originate
Asia
(primarily
China),
accounting
85%
LIB
materials.
concept
battery
passports
collection
on
has
proposed
to
facilitate
material
traceability
a
system
ensuring
sustainable
supply
chain
critical
minerals.
automotive
industry’s
shift
electrification
necessitates
mine
end-of-life.
As
mineral
moves
North
America,
environmentally
friendly
industrial
methods
must
be
studied
provide
direction.
As
one
of
the
major
contributors
to
carbon
emissions
and
most
crucial
demands
on
a
national
international
level,
transportation
is
going
through
significant
change.
The
energy
action
plans
nations
include
increasing
usage
electric
vehicles
(EV)
in
substitution
diesel
gasoline-powered
vehicles.
In
order
solve
charging
issue,
which
considered
be
barriers
adoption
EVs,
technological
development
diffusion
EV
station
infrastructures
are
social
aspects
problem
should
investigated.
Examples
situation
Turkey
throughout
world
explored
this
paper
recommendations
for
how
stations
could
aid
EVs
made.
