Integrating Life Cycle Assessment and Multi Criteria Decision Making Analysis Towards Sustainable Cocoa Production System in Indonesia: An Environmental, Economic, and Social Impact Perspective.

Heliyon, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 10(19), С. e38630 - e38630

Опубликована: Сен. 27, 2024

Sustainable Cocoa production practices should be investigated comprehensively to address sustainability requirements and mitigate issues in Indonesia. This study aims identify the sustainable system considering environmental, economic, social impacts. Life cycle framework multicriteria decision-making (MCDM) were integrated obtain study's objectives by comparing monocropping (CM) intercropping systems (IC). The result indicated that environmental aspect, showed higher performance as lower impact all indicators; for example, CM emitted a Global Warming Potential (GWP) has margin of 34.5-55.9 % compared (IC-I IC-II). In economic both on short-term long-term analysis, (IC-II) generated value-added feasibility, with profit 150-205 IC-1. Along increase benefits IC II, this also significantly provides benefits, presented index 4.9-23.7 other systems. Furthermore, applying determines highest II (IC-II). These findings highlight is recommended overcome cocoa issue at farmer decision-maker levels. Additionally, proposed method combined LCA-MCDM can applied another agricultural commodity achieve agriculture production.

Язык: Английский

Design of Poly(Sodium 4-Styrenesulfonate)-Modified Sno2 Humidity Sensor For Visual Monitoring Of Plant Growth Environments

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024

Язык: Английский