Polymers,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
16(18), С. 2561 - 2561
Опубликована: Сен. 10, 2024
Tremendously
negative
effects
have
been
generated
in
recent
decades
by
the
continuously
increasing
production
of
conventional
plastics
and
inadequate
management
their
waste
products.
This
demands
materials
within
a
circular
economy,
easy
to
recycle
biodegrade,
minimizing
environmental
impact
cost
competitiveness.
Bioplastics
represent
sustainable
alternative
this
scenario.
However,
replacement
must
be
addressed
considering
several
aspects
along
lifecycle,
from
bioplastic
processing
final
application
product.
In
review,
using
different
additives,
biomass
sources,
techniques
on
mechanical
thermal
behavior,
as
well
biodegradability,
bioplastics
is
discussed.
The
importance
bioplasticizers
highlighted,
besides
studying
role
surfactants,
compatibilizers,
cross-linkers,
coupling
agents,
chain
extenders.
Cellulose,
lignin,
starch,
chitosan,
composites
are
analyzed
part
non-synthetic
considered.
Throughout
study,
emphasis
use
well-established
manufacturing
processes,
such
extrusion,
injection,
compression,
or
blow
molding,
since
these
ones
that
satisfy
quality,
productivity,
requirements
for
large-scale
industrial
production.
Particular
attention
also
given
fused
deposition
modeling,
additive
technique
nowadays
not
only
used
making
prototypes,
but
it
being
integrated
into
development
parts
wide
variety
biomedical
applications.
Finally,
recyclability
commercial
discussed,
some
future
perspectives
challenges
bio-based
with
conclusion
technological
innovations,
economic
incentives,
policy
changes
could
coupled
individually
driven
solutions
mitigate
impacts
associated
plastics.
Chemical Engineering Journal,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
462, С. 142301 - 142301
Опубликована: Март 9, 2023
The
ability
of
full-scale
industrial
plants
to
degrade
bioplastics
waste
must
be
verified
exclude
any
negative
effects
on
the
quality
process
outputs.
This
study
aims
assess
degradation
two
thermoplastic
cellulose
acetate-based
bioplastics,
in
pure
and
composite
forms
both
Anaerobic
Digestion
(AD)
Composting
(C)
conditions.
main
occurred
during
AD,
where
a
disintegration
about
36%
50%
was
achieved
from
acetate,
respectively.
C
did
not
exceed
20%
for
samples.
combined
resulted
slightly
higher
(58–40%)
than
that
obtained
revealing
how
alteration
samples
an
anaerobic
environment.
Despite
this
macroscopic
degradation,
showed
only
minor
superficial
as
highlighted
SEM
analysis.
FT-IR
spectroscopy,
TGA
andDSC
analyses
biodegradation
mechanism
involved
mainly
plasticizer
loss
deacetylation
matrix,
with
partial
backbone
However,
were
favored
AD
+
processes
presence
filler
These
results
demonstrated
scale
can
differ
significantly
those
laboratory
scale,
especially
acetate.
Furthermore,
current
optimized
treatment
bioplastics.
Hence,
works
could
help
facilities
managers
emerging
materials
such
more
sustainable
way.
Journal of Environmental Sciences,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
142, С. 169 - 181
Опубликована: Июнь 19, 2023
Bioplastics
were
first
introduced
as
environmentally
friendly
materials,
with
properties
similar
to
those
of
conventional
plastics.
A
bioplastic
is
defined
biodegradable
if
it
can
be
decomposed
into
carbon
dioxide
under
aerobic
degradation,
or
methane
and
CO2
anaerobic
conditions,
inorganic
compounds,
new
cellular
biomass,
by
the
action
naturally
occurring
microorganisms.
This
definition
however
does
not
provide
any
information
on
environmental
timescale
extent
at
which
decomposition
processes
should
occur.
With
regard
aquatic
environment,
recognized
standards
have
been
established
assess
ability
plastics
undergo
biodegradation;
however,
these
fail
clear
targets
met
allow
labelling
a
biodegradable.
Moreover,
grant
user
an
extensive
leeway
in
choice
process
parameters.
For
reasons,
comparison
results
deriving
from
different
studies
challenging.
The
authors
analysed
discussed
degree
biodegradability
series
bioplastics
environments
(both
fresh
salt
water)
using
obtained
laboratory
on-site
testing
context
research
studies.
Biochemical
Oxygen
Demand
(BOD),
evolution,
surface
erosion
weight
loss
main
parameters
used
researchers
describe
percentage
biodegradation.
showed
large
variability
both
BOD,
even
when
evaluating
same
type
bioplastics.
confirms
need
for
reference
range
values
applied
defining
Chemosphere,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
362, С. 142648 - 142648
Опубликована: Июнь 19, 2024
Four
different
end-of-life
options
for
disposable
bioplastic
cups
were
investigated
and
compared
based
on
their
environmental
implications.
Two
products
with
distinct
polymeric
composition
tested
simulating
the
following
scenarios
at
laboratory
scale:
i)
industrial
composting
(180
days
58
°C);
ii)
anaerobic
digestion
followed
by
(45
55
°C
180
iii)
direct
digestate
use
soil
agricultural
purposes
25
iv)
uncontrolled
release
into
a
environment
°C).
Ecotoxicity
tests
run
end
of
each
experiment
to
investigate
effects
materials
three
main
groups
terrestrial
model
organisms:
plants,
earthworms
nitrifying
bacteria.
Complete
biodegradation
was
observed
in
involving
environment.
A
low
degree
(22.9
±
4.5%)
digestates
observed,
warning
potential
micro-bioplastics
discharge
No
degradation
during
same
testing
period.
revealed
negative
effect
plants
biomass
growth
across
all
samples,
which
17-30%
lower
blank
sample.
The
experimental
campaign
highlighted
need
systematic
assessment
controlled
treatment
bioplastics,
as
well
harmonized
legislative
framework.
ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
12(24), С. 9257 - 9267
Опубликована: Июнь 4, 2024
Bioplastics
are
produced
in
growing
amounts
due
to
their
environmental
benefits,
but
disposal
routes
remain
ambiguous.
A
hydrothermal
treatment
(HT)
may
be
a
sustainable
process
improve
the
fate
of
waste
bioplastics,
nearly
no
information
is
available
on
how
they
respond
it.
In
this
work,
HT
biodegradable
bioplastics
was
performed,
and
resulting
solid
liquid
products
were
characterized
by
elemental
analysis,
analytical
pyrolysis-based
techniques,
ion
chromatography,
gas
chromatography
coupled
with
mass
spectrometry.
We
selected
tableware
based
polylactic
acid
(PLA),
cellulose,
Mater-Bi
(MB)
performed
at
160–200
°C.
MB
identified
as
mixture
PLA
polybutylene
succinate
(PBS).
Higher
temperatures
enhanced
solubilization,
which
very
marked
for
minor
cellulose.
Characterization
residues
revealed
that
quantitatively
degraded
180
°C
above,
while
cellulose
could
never
fully
degraded.
The
analysis
aqueous
phases
from
presence
an
array
oligomers
PBS
low
corresponding
monomers
(lactic
succinic
acid)
high
temperatures:
recovery
represent
way
give
new
life
bioplastics.
