A global analysis of the impacts of urbanization on bird and plant diversity reveals key anthropogenic drivers

Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Год журнала: 2014, Номер 281(1780), С. 20133330 - 20133330

Опубликована: Фев. 12, 2014

Urbanization contributes to the loss of world's biodiversity and homogenization its biota. However, comparative studies urban leading robust generalities status drivers in cities at global scale are lacking. Here, we compiled largest dataset date two diverse taxa cities: birds (54 cities) plants (110 cities). We found that majority bird plant species native cities. Few cosmopolitan, most common being Columba livia Poa annua. The density (the number per km(2)) has declined substantially: only 8% 25% currently present compared with estimates non-urban species. current was best explained by anthropogenic features (landcover, city age) rather than non-anthropogenic factors (geography, climate, topography). As urbanization continues expand, efforts directed towards conservation intact vegetation within landscapes could support higher concentrations both Despite declines species, still retain endemic thus providing opportunities for regional conservation, restoration education.

Язык: Английский

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Urban ecology and sustainability: The state-of-the-science and future directions

Landscape and Urban Planning, Год журнала: 2014, Номер 125, С. 209 - 221

Опубликована: Март 4, 2014

Язык: Английский

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Urbanization and Disease Emergence: Dynamics at the Wildlife–Livestock–Human Interface

Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 32(1), С. 55 - 67

Опубликована: Окт. 28, 2016

Urbanization can create diverse wildlife–livestock–human interfaces. Interfaces represent a critical point for cross-species transmission and emergence of pathogens. should be studied as complex, multihost communities. Molecular epidemiology add real-world complexity to the study disease emergence. is characterized by rapid intensification agriculture, socioeconomic change, ecological fragmentation, which have profound impacts on infectious disease. Here, we review current scientific evidence drivers emerging wildlife-borne zoonoses in urban landscapes, where anthropogenic pressures We argue that these interfaces pathogens into new host populations, thus understanding their form function necessary identify suitable interventions mitigate risk To achieve this, must communities whose structure are dictated both anthropological factors. Emerging diseases (EIDs) (see Glossary) recognized 'whose incidence populations has increased within past two decades or threatens increase near future' [1Smolinsky M.S. et al.Smolinski Microbial Threats Health: Emergence, Detection, Response. National Academies Press, 2003Google Scholar]. As well describing spread newly evolved previously undetected pathogens, increasing geographic spread, impact, changing clinical presentation moving human hosts first time, term also used describe reappearance (or re-emergence) known infection after decline It estimated between 60 80% infections zoonotic origin (at least initially) dependent an animal reservoir survival [2Woolhouse M.E.J. Gowtage-Sequeria S. Host range reemerging pathogens.Emerg. Infect. Dis. 2005; 11: 1842-1847Crossref PubMed Google Scholar, 3Jones K.E. al.Global trends diseases.Nature. 2008; 451: 990-993Crossref Scopus (2213) Of zoonoses, at 70% wildlife origin, with onward representing natural response evolutionary pathogen ecology [3Jones 4Karesh W.B. al.Ecology zoonoses: unnatural histories.Lancet. 2012; 380: 1936-1945Abstract Full Text PDF (172) Although domesticated reservoirs considered important sources EIDs, it influence systems dictates level operates interface humans animals The impact ecosystems they exist occurred long there been humans. However, over 10 000 years, human–ecosystem interactions become increasingly following series chronological transitions: (i) establishment local settlements, domestication livestock; (ii) regional contact through trade; (iii) intercontinental exploration, imperialism, industrialization; (iv) globalization, urbanization, climate change [5McMichael J. Environmental social influences diseases: past, present future.Philos. 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Evol. 2007; 22: 95-102Abstract (266) 14Alirol E. al.Urbanisation globalised world.Lancet 131-141Abstract (156) Scholar] (Figure 1). For epidemiological often concentrated informal highest [14Alirol In this review, focus (predominantly feature countries) emergence, explore how driving potential sympatric wildlife, livestock, Spatial overlap hosts, ranges requirements directly transmitted vector-borne respectively. such, order investigate conditions might lead across species, humans, simplify considering them network transmitted; physical interact exchanged context societal (as depicted schematic Figure These networks different scales. At local-scale, households part what communities; groups similar set (e.g., demographic socioeconomic) characteristics. movement people, products, environment (which conveniently defined connectivity) [15Alberti M. patterns ecosystem function.Int. Reg. Rev. 28: 168-192Crossref (391) 16Pickett S.T.A. al.Urban systems: foundations decade progress.J. Manage. 92: 331-362Crossref (355) result, could interaction are: livestock-keeping practices, production movements products areas; direct environment, centers developed, freely [8Jones 17Himsworth C.G. al.Rats, cities, pathogens: systematic narrative synthesis literature regarding rat-associated centers.Vector Borne Zoonotic 13: 349-359Crossref (78) Urban highly complex listed above type extent ecosystems, resulting creating human–animal people. Urban-adapted (referred here synanthropic) abundant composed respond behavioral resource-based selection imposed environments [18Lowry H. al.Behavioural responses environments.Biol. Camb. Philos. 88: 537-549Crossref (108) Many synanthropic shown carry some cases act Studies generally those found ubiquitously commonly diseases, rodents, birds, bats, certain mammal foxes Europe raccoons US) [19Deplazes al.Wilderness city: Echinococcus multilocularis.Trends Parasitol. 20: 77-84Abstract (260) 20Wright A.N. Gompper M.E. Altered parasite assemblages manipulated resource availability.Oecologia. 144: 148-156Crossref (59) Rodents, example, harbor plague, leptospirosis, hantavirus infection, re-emergence seemingly poverty countries rat [17Himsworth 21Guan al.Investigating climatic variables hemorrhagic fever renal syndrome Huludao City, China: 17-year data analysis based equation model.BMC 2009; 9: 109Crossref (32) 22Evangelista K. Coburn Leptospira pathogen: its biology, pathogenesis, immune responses.Future Microbiol. 2010; 5: 1413-1425Crossref (141) 23Halliday J.E.B. leptospirosis Africa: cross-sectional survey rodents Kibera settlement, Nairobi, Kenya.Am. Trop. Med. Hyg. 89: 1095-1102Crossref (19) Anthropogenic bring bats closer [24Pulliam J.R.C. al.Agricultural intensification, priming Nipah virus: lethal bat-borne zoonosis.J. 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Rep. 14830Crossref argued Jones attempts virulence predominantly focused generalizations, appropriate capture heterogeneity Instead, define appropriate, spatially explicit scales [53Wood J.L.N. e

Язык: Английский

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From Multifunctionality to Multiple Ecosystem Services? A Conceptual Framework for Multifunctionality in Green Infrastructure Planning for Urban Areas

AMBIO, Год журнала: 2014, Номер 43(4), С. 516 - 529

Опубликована: Апрель 16, 2014

Green infrastructure (GI) and ecosystem services (ES) are promoted as concepts that have potential to improve environmental planning in urban areas based on a more holistic understanding of the complex interrelations dynamics social-ecological systems. However, scientific discourses around both still lack application-oriented frameworks consider such perspective suitable mainstream GI ES practice. This literature review explores how multifunctionality one important principle can be operationalized by approaches developed tested research. Specifically, research help assess integrity networks, balance supply demand, trade-offs. A conceptual framework for assessment from is proposed inform design processes support stronger exchange between

Язык: Английский

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Critical review on the cooling effect of urban blue-green space: A threshold-size perspective

Urban forestry & urban greening, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 49, С. 126630 - 126630

Опубликована: Фев. 8, 2020

The cooling effect of blue-green space has been recognized as a promising approach to mitigate the urban heat island (UHI), while quantitative role (threshold-size for cooling) is still uncertain. This paper aims present latest progress and controversies on studies effects waterbodies, greenspaces, parks. In order do this research, international search engines were employed systematically peer-reviewed articles, including threshold-size-based UHI mitigation studies. After that, inductive analysis used analyze relevant literature. We found that previous concentrated correlations between different landscape types, temperature variations quantification intensity, etc. However, research received less attention, which limits ability make specific recommendations actionable planning management – usingthe smallest best effect. review also revealed over size, shape, composition configuration Besides, we pointed out uncertainties (i.e., optimal proportion in park) reasons controversial results need be further investigated. suggested more attention should paid quantify contributions local background climate characteristics (threshold-size) space. would give us deeper understanding field provide insights into adaption planning.

Язык: Английский

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Resilience of and through urban ecosystem services

Ecosystem Services, Год журнала: 2014, Номер 12, С. 152 - 156

Опубликована: Авг. 22, 2014

Язык: Английский

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The urban watershed continuum: evolving spatial and temporal dimensions

Urban Ecosystems, Год журнала: 2012, Номер 15(2), С. 409 - 435

Опубликована: Фев. 29, 2012

Язык: Английский

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Ecological homogenization of urban USA

Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, Год журнала: 2014, Номер 12(1), С. 74 - 81

Опубликована: Янв. 31, 2014

A visually apparent but scientifically untested outcome of land‐use change is homogenization across urban areas, where neighborhoods in different parts the country have similar patterns roads, residential lots, commercial and aquatic features. We hypothesize that this extends to ecological structure also ecosystem functions such as carbon dynamics microclimate, with continental‐scale implications. Further, we suggest understanding will provide basis for impacts from local continental scales. Here, show how multi‐scale, multi‐disciplinary datasets six metropolitan areas cover major climatic regions US (Phoenix, AZ; Miami, FL; Baltimore, MD; Boston, MA; Minneapolis–St Paul, MN; Los Angeles, CA) can be used determine household neighborhood characteristics correlate land‐management practices, land‐cover composition, landscape at local, regional,

Язык: Английский

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Eco-evolutionary dynamics in an urbanizing planet

Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Год журнала: 2014, Номер 30(2), С. 114 - 126

Опубликована: Дек. 12, 2014

Язык: Английский

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The rapid and massive urban and industrial land expansions in China between 1990 and 2010: A CLUD-based analysis of their trajectories, patterns, and drivers

Landscape and Urban Planning, Год журнала: 2015, Номер 145, С. 21 - 33

Опубликована: Окт. 26, 2015

Язык: Английский

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