Current Research in Food Science,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
4, С. 105 - 114
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2021
Chocolate
is
a
complex
soft
material
characterized
by
solid
particles
(cocoa
powder,
milk
and
sugar
crystals)
dispersed
in
crystallized
fat
matrix
mostly
composed
of
cocoa
butter
(CB).
Important
chocolate
properties
such
as
snap,
visual
appearance
are
strongly
dependent
on
the
internal
molecular
arrangement
(polymorph),
size
shape,
well
spatial
distribution
CB
crystals
within
mix.
In
recent
years
confectionary
companies
have
put
increasing
effort
developing
novel
recipes
to
improve
nutritional
profile
products
(e.g.,
reducing
amount
high
saturated
content)
counteract
price
sustainability
issues
related
some
ingredients.
Different
reformulation
strategies
can
dramatically
affect
crystallization
thermodynamic
kinetic
behaviour
butter;
therefore,
affecting
structural
sensorial
chocolate.
this
review
we
analyse
how
different
and,
hence,
particular,
work
discusses
effect
of:
(1)
replacement
with
emulsions,
hydrogels,
oleogels
oleofoams;
(2)
dilution
limonene
or
equivalents;
(3)
reduction
We
found
that
there
certainly
potential
for
successful
alternative
controlled
crystalline
properties;
however,
further
research
still
needed
ensure
sensory
acceptance
reasonable
shelf-life
these
products.
Global Environmental Politics,
Год журнала:
2018,
Номер
18(2), С. 34 - 52
Опубликована: Апрель 4, 2018
The
palm
oil
industry
is
increasingly
certifying
its
activities
as
“sustainable,”
“responsible,”
and
“conflict-free.”
This
trend
does
not
represent
a
breakthrough
toward
better
governance,
this
article
argues,
but
primarily
reflects
business
strategy
to
channel
criticism
“unsustainable”
oil,
while
promoting
the
value
for
protecting
rain
forests
of
corporate
social
responsibility,
international
trade,
industrial
production,
industry-guided
certification.
Illegalities
loopholes
riddle
certification
in
Indonesia
Malaysia,
two
main
sources
certified
oil;
at
same
time,
imports
are
rising
markets
demanding
Across
tropics,
plantations
linked
deforestation
human
rights
abuses
continuing
expand
companies
navigate
weak
governance
rules,
sales
shift
across
inside
global
supply
chains.
Theoretically,
analysis
advances
understanding
why
how
power
over
narratives
institutions
agricultural
governance.
Frontiers in Forests and Global Change,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
4
Опубликована: Фев. 4, 2021
Historically,
orangutans
(
Pongo
spp.)
lived
in
large
contiguous
areas
of
intact
rainforest.
Today,
they
are
also
found
highly
modified
and
fragmented
landscapes
dominated
by
oil
palm
or
industrial
timber
plantations;
a
situation
that
calls
for
new
conservation
approaches.
Here
we
report
signs
orangutan
presence
more
than
120
small
forest
fragments
<500
ha
size
isolated
extensive
plantations
across
Borneo.
We
confirmed
the
long-term
adult
resident
females
with
dependent
young
42%
assessed
ground
survey
n
=
50),
regular
sightings
males
traveling
landscape.
argue
using
living
patches
play
an
essential
part
metapopulation
maintaining
gene
flow
among
larger
sub-populations
distributed
multiple-use
landscapes.
In
some
cases,
translocations
may
be
necessary
when
animals
imminent
danger
being
killed
have
no
other
refuge.
However,
impacts
removing
from
spatially
dispersed
metapopulations
could
inadvertently
decrease
critical
functionality
viability.
It
is
clear
need
natural
to
survive.
our
findings
show
within
agricultural
can
complement
if
well-distributed,
properly
connected
managed,
killing
prevented.
Efforts
better
understand
dynamics
forest-farmland
landscape
mosaics
characteristic
Anthropocene
urgently
needed
design
efficient
strategies
species
its
range.
Environmental Research Letters,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
17(6), С. 063007 - 063007
Опубликована: Май 11, 2022
Abstract
Palm
oil
is
both
the
world’s
most-used
vegetable
and
most
criticized
for
its
environmental
impact
due
to
observed
reduction
in
tropical
forest
areas
cultivation
over
past
decades.
There
is,
however,
very
little
discussion
on
socio-economic
implications
associated
with
production
of
palm
oil.
To
contribute
a
more
informed
debate,
we
conducted
an
in-depth
review
existing
literature
addressing
various
aspects
oil,
outlining
contribution
achievement
United
Nations
sustainable
development
goals
(SDGs).
The
outcomes,
findings
conclusions
from
82
studies,
published
2010
onward,
were
considered
as
positive,
negative,
neutral
or
varied,
sometimes
even
contradicting,
regard
and/or
set
eight
SDGs,
selected
be
those
related
development,
differentiating
when
possible
between
conventional
production.
results
show
that
it
difficult
draw
uniform
views,
highlighting
nuances
varied
facets
some
which
are
inevitably
interconnected.
In
general,
emerges
plays
crucial
role
boosting
economy
livelihoods
local
communities
many
developing
producer
countries,
substantially
contributing
poverty
food
security.
However,
expansion
plantations
has,
cases,
exacerbated
social
inequalities,
economic
growth
generated
by
chain
not
always
accompanied
decent
working
conditions.
Against
this
backdrop,
SDGs
often
facilitated
implementation
sustainability
certification
schemes
play
key
improving
performance
This
leads
enhanced
people
living
terms
conditions,
infrastructure,
services
wages,
consequent
rates,
increase
education
quality,
well
better
access
healthcare
systems.
Frontiers in Forests and Global Change,
Год журнала:
2019,
Номер
2
Опубликована: Апрель 30, 2019
Oil
palm
monocultures
are
highly
productive,
but
there
widespread
negative
impacts
on
biodiversity
and
ecosystem
functions.
Some
of
these
might
be
mitigated
by
mixed-species
tree
interplanting
to
create
agroforestry
systems,
is
little
experience
with
the
performance
trees
planted
in
oil
plantations.
We
studied
a
enrichment
experiment
lowlands
Sumatra
that
was
established
six
twelve
year-old
plantation
planting
species
different
mixtures
48
plots.
Three
years
after
planting,
canopy
cover
assessed
drone-based
photogrammetry
using
structure-from-motion
technique.
Drone-derived
estimates
were
correlated
traditional
ground-based
hemispherical
photography
along
equality
line,
indicating
usefulness
comparability
approach.
Canopy
further
partitioned
between
canopies.
Thinning
palms
before
created
more
open
heterogeneous
cover.
then
extracted
at
level
individual
combined
mortality
assessment
for
all
3819
trees.
For
three
(Archidendron
pauciflorum,
Durio
zibethinus,
Shorea
leprosula),
probability
during
year
study
dependent
amount
regard
method
deriving
partitioning
spatially
explicit
information
as
promising
way
many
questions
addressing
ecological
applications
management
systems.
