RSC Sustainability, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 1(9), С. 2135 - 2147
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2023
This review has focused on the concept of upcycling, which involves utilizing PET waste as a raw material for production value-added products such monomers, fine chemicals, hydrogen, or carbon materials.
Язык: Английский
Green Chemistry, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 24(23), С. 8899 - 9002
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2022
This paper reviewed the entire life cycle of plastics and options for management plastic waste to address barriers industrial chemical recycling further provide perceptions on possible opportunities with such materials.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
351
Polymers, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 14(12), С. 2366 - 2366
Опубликована: Июнь 11, 2022
Disposal of plastic waste has become a widely discussed issue, due to the potential environmental impact improper disposal. Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) packaging accounted for 44.7% single-serve beverage in US 2021, and 12% global solid waste. A strategic solution is needed manage Major manufacturers have pledged reduce their footprint by taking steps towards sustainable future. The PET bottle several properties that make it an environmentally friendly choice. good barrier as its single-layer, mono-material composition allows be more easily recycled. Compared glass, lightweight lower carbon production transportation. With modern advancements decontamination processes recycling post-consumer recycled (rPET or PCR), safe material reuse packaging. It been 30 years since FDA first began certifying PCR compliant food contact PET, application within United States. This article provides overview bottle-to-bottle guidance looking advance goals sustainability.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
310
ACS Catalysis, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 12(8), С. 4659 - 4679
Опубликована: Апрель 5, 2022
Plastics are indispensable, but their pollution is triggering a global environmental crisis. Although many end-of-life catalytic options have involved converting plastics into valuable products, deep understanding of the relationship between polymer structure and recycling performance significant urgently needed. Here, we start with primer polymeric chain structures on chemical discuss structure–performance polymer, catalyst, reaction. Specifically, development challenges re/upcycling waste PET polyolefins discussed in-depth. In addition, also present some prospects for innovations in catalyst synthesis reaction engineering basis relationship. The discussion ends brief perspective future plastic re/upcycling. Overall, intelligent catalysis design necessary incentivizing relieving burden plastics.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
231
Journal of environmental chemical engineering, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 10(1), С. 106867 - 106867
Опубликована: Ноя. 27, 2021
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
218
ACS Catalysis, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 12(6), С. 3382 - 3396
Опубликована: Фев. 28, 2022
Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is the most widespread synthetic polyester, having been utilized in textile fibers and packaging materials for beverages food, contributing considerably to global solid waste stream environmental plastic pollution. While enzymatic PET recycling upcycling have recently emerged as viable disposal methods a circular economy, only handful of benchmark enzymes thoroughly described subjected protein engineering improved properties over last 16 years. By analyzing specific material reaction mechanisms context interfacial biocatalysis, this Perspective identifies several limitations current degradation approaches. Unbalanced enzyme-substrate interactions, limited thermostability, low catalytic efficiency at elevated temperatures, inhibition caused by oligomeric intermediates still hamper industrial applications that require high efficiency. To overcome these limitations, successful studies using innovative experimental computational approaches published extensively recent years thriving research field are summarized discussed detail here. The acquired knowledge experience will be applied near future address contributed other mass-produced polymer types (e.g., polyamides polyurethanes) should also properly disposed biotechnological
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
190
Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 62(11)
Опубликована: Янв. 19, 2023
Electro-reforming of Polyethylene-terephthalate-derived (PET-derived) ethylene glycol (EG) into fine chemicals and H2 is an ideal solution to address severe plastic pollution. Here, we report the electrooxidation EG glycolic acid (GA) with a high Faraday efficiency selectivity (>85 %) even at industry-level current density (600 mA cm-2 1.15 V vs. RHE) over Pd-Ni(OH)2 catalyst. Notably, stable electrolysis 200 h can be achieved, outperforming all available Pd-based catalysts. Combined experimental theoretical results reveal that 1) OH* generation promoted by Ni(OH)2 plays critical role in facilitating EG-to-GA oxidation removing poisonous carbonyl species, thereby achieving activity stability; 2) Pd downshifted d-band center oxophilic Ni synergistically facilitate rapid desorption transfer GA from active sites inactive sites, avoiding over-oxidation thus selectivity.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
126
Chemical Reviews, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 124(7), С. 4393 - 4478
Опубликована: Март 22, 2024
Polyesters carrying polar main-chain ester linkages exhibit distinct material properties for diverse applications and thus play an important role in today's plastics economy. It is anticipated that they will even greater tomorrow's circular economy focuses on sustainability, thanks to the abundant availability of their biosourced building blocks presence bonds can be chemically or biologically cleaved demand by multiple methods bring about more desired end-of-life plastic waste management options. Because this potential promise, there have been intense research activities directed at addressing recycling, upcycling biodegradation existing legacy polyesters, designing biorenewable alternatives, redesigning future polyesters with intrinsic chemical recyclability tailored performance rival commodity are either petroleum based and/or hard recycle. This review captures these exciting recent developments outlines challenges opportunities. Case studies poly(lactic acid), poly(3-hydroxyalkanoate)s, poly(ethylene terephthalate), poly(butylene succinate), poly(butylene-adipate presented, emerging recyclable comprehensively reviewed.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
116
Chemical Reviews, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 124(5), С. 2617 - 2650
Опубликована: Фев. 22, 2024
The societal importance of plastics contrasts with the carelessness which they are disposed. Their superlative properties lead to economic and environmental efficiency, but linearity puts climate, human health, global ecosystems at risk. Recycling is fundamental transitioning this linear model into a more sustainable, circular economy. Among recycling technologies, chemical depolymerization offers route virgin quality recycled plastics, especially when valorizing complex waste streams poorly served by mechanical methods. However, exists in interlinked system end-of-life fates, complementarity each approach key environmental, economic, sustainability. This review explores recent progress made five commercial polymers: poly(ethylene terephthalate), polycarbonates, polyamides, aliphatic polyesters, polyurethanes. Attention paid not only catalytic technologies used enhance efficiencies also interrelationship other systemic constraints imposed Novel polymers, designed for depolymerization, concisely reviewed terms their underlying chemistry potential integration current plastic systems.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
90
Polymer Engineering and Science, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 63(9), С. 2651 - 2674
Опубликована: Июнь 21, 2023
Abstract Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is used in textile and packaging industries. The main source of PET production fossil fuels with limited capacity. Also, products are single use that transform into high volumes wastes, causing ecosystem problems. Recycling proposed to confront this challenge. four major recycling techniques mechanical, chemical, pyrolysis, enzymatic. Mechanical, enzymatic have constrained capabilities manage waste. Chemical the potential path expanding waste possibility upcycling addressing dirty streams. Several chemical methods introduced discussed literature. five glycolysis, alcoholysis, aminolysis, ammonolysis, hydrolysis. This review describes depolymerization via these introduces hydrolysis as one can depolymerize an organic‐free solvent environment. Hydrolysis tolerates mixed wastes streams including copolymers. It helps avoid challenges attributed using organic solvents reaction systems. Moreover, produces terephthalic acid, monomer, which has recently gained attention initiative monomer for production. focuses on three forms hydrolysis—alkaline, neutral, by presenting background studies, issued patents, recent trends application
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
78
Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 62(12)
Опубликована: Окт. 5, 2022
To achieve a sustainable circular economy, polymer production must start transitioning to recycled and biobased feedstock accomplish CO2 emission neutrality. This is not only true for structural polymers, such as in packaging or engineering applications, but also functional polymers liquid formulations, adhesives, lubricants, thickeners dispersants. At their end of life, be either collected via technical pathway, biodegradable if they are collectable. Advances chemistry aided by computational material science, open the way addressing these issues comprehensively designing recyclability biodegradability. Review explores how scientific progress, together with emerging regulatory frameworks, societal expectations economic boundary conditions, paint pathways transformation towards economy polymers.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
74