RSC Sustainability,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
1(9), С. 2135 - 2147
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2023
This
review
has
focused
on
the
concept
of
upcycling,
which
involves
utilizing
PET
waste
as
a
raw
material
for
production
value-added
products
such
monomers,
fine
chemicals,
hydrogen,
or
carbon
materials.
Green Chemistry,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
24(23), С. 8899 - 9002
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2022
This
paper
reviewed
the
entire
life
cycle
of
plastics
and
options
for
management
plastic
waste
to
address
barriers
industrial
chemical
recycling
further
provide
perceptions
on
possible
opportunities
with
such
materials.
Polymers,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
14(12), С. 2366 - 2366
Опубликована: Июнь 11, 2022
Disposal
of
plastic
waste
has
become
a
widely
discussed
issue,
due
to
the
potential
environmental
impact
improper
disposal.
Polyethylene
terephthalate
(PET)
packaging
accounted
for
44.7%
single-serve
beverage
in
US
2021,
and
12%
global
solid
waste.
A
strategic
solution
is
needed
manage
Major
manufacturers
have
pledged
reduce
their
footprint
by
taking
steps
towards
sustainable
future.
The
PET
bottle
several
properties
that
make
it
an
environmentally
friendly
choice.
good
barrier
as
its
single-layer,
mono-material
composition
allows
be
more
easily
recycled.
Compared
glass,
lightweight
lower
carbon
production
transportation.
With
modern
advancements
decontamination
processes
recycling
post-consumer
recycled
(rPET
or
PCR),
safe
material
reuse
packaging.
It
been
30
years
since
FDA
first
began
certifying
PCR
compliant
food
contact
PET,
application
within
United
States.
This
article
provides
overview
bottle-to-bottle
guidance
looking
advance
goals
sustainability.
ACS Catalysis,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
12(8), С. 4659 - 4679
Опубликована: Апрель 5, 2022
Plastics
are
indispensable,
but
their
pollution
is
triggering
a
global
environmental
crisis.
Although
many
end-of-life
catalytic
options
have
involved
converting
plastics
into
valuable
products,
deep
understanding
of
the
relationship
between
polymer
structure
and
recycling
performance
significant
urgently
needed.
Here,
we
start
with
primer
polymeric
chain
structures
on
chemical
discuss
structure–performance
polymer,
catalyst,
reaction.
Specifically,
development
challenges
re/upcycling
waste
PET
polyolefins
discussed
in-depth.
In
addition,
also
present
some
prospects
for
innovations
in
catalyst
synthesis
reaction
engineering
basis
relationship.
The
discussion
ends
brief
perspective
future
plastic
re/upcycling.
Overall,
intelligent
catalysis
design
necessary
incentivizing
relieving
burden
plastics.
ACS Catalysis,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
12(6), С. 3382 - 3396
Опубликована: Фев. 28, 2022
Polyethylene
terephthalate
(PET)
is
the
most
widespread
synthetic
polyester,
having
been
utilized
in
textile
fibers
and
packaging
materials
for
beverages
food,
contributing
considerably
to
global
solid
waste
stream
environmental
plastic
pollution.
While
enzymatic
PET
recycling
upcycling
have
recently
emerged
as
viable
disposal
methods
a
circular
economy,
only
handful
of
benchmark
enzymes
thoroughly
described
subjected
protein
engineering
improved
properties
over
last
16
years.
By
analyzing
specific
material
reaction
mechanisms
context
interfacial
biocatalysis,
this
Perspective
identifies
several
limitations
current
degradation
approaches.
Unbalanced
enzyme-substrate
interactions,
limited
thermostability,
low
catalytic
efficiency
at
elevated
temperatures,
inhibition
caused
by
oligomeric
intermediates
still
hamper
industrial
applications
that
require
high
efficiency.
To
overcome
these
limitations,
successful
studies
using
innovative
experimental
computational
approaches
published
extensively
recent
years
thriving
research
field
are
summarized
discussed
detail
here.
The
acquired
knowledge
experience
will
be
applied
near
future
address
contributed
other
mass-produced
polymer
types
(e.g.,
polyamides
polyurethanes)
should
also
properly
disposed
biotechnological
Angewandte Chemie International Edition,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
62(11)
Опубликована: Янв. 19, 2023
Electro-reforming
of
Polyethylene-terephthalate-derived
(PET-derived)
ethylene
glycol
(EG)
into
fine
chemicals
and
H2
is
an
ideal
solution
to
address
severe
plastic
pollution.
Here,
we
report
the
electrooxidation
EG
glycolic
acid
(GA)
with
a
high
Faraday
efficiency
selectivity
(>85
%)
even
at
industry-level
current
density
(600
mA
cm-2
1.15
V
vs.
RHE)
over
Pd-Ni(OH)2
catalyst.
Notably,
stable
electrolysis
200
h
can
be
achieved,
outperforming
all
available
Pd-based
catalysts.
Combined
experimental
theoretical
results
reveal
that
1)
OH*
generation
promoted
by
Ni(OH)2
plays
critical
role
in
facilitating
EG-to-GA
oxidation
removing
poisonous
carbonyl
species,
thereby
achieving
activity
stability;
2)
Pd
downshifted
d-band
center
oxophilic
Ni
synergistically
facilitate
rapid
desorption
transfer
GA
from
active
sites
inactive
sites,
avoiding
over-oxidation
thus
selectivity.
Chemical Reviews,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
124(7), С. 4393 - 4478
Опубликована: Март 22, 2024
Polyesters
carrying
polar
main-chain
ester
linkages
exhibit
distinct
material
properties
for
diverse
applications
and
thus
play
an
important
role
in
today's
plastics
economy.
It
is
anticipated
that
they
will
even
greater
tomorrow's
circular
economy
focuses
on
sustainability,
thanks
to
the
abundant
availability
of
their
biosourced
building
blocks
presence
bonds
can
be
chemically
or
biologically
cleaved
demand
by
multiple
methods
bring
about
more
desired
end-of-life
plastic
waste
management
options.
Because
this
potential
promise,
there
have
been
intense
research
activities
directed
at
addressing
recycling,
upcycling
biodegradation
existing
legacy
polyesters,
designing
biorenewable
alternatives,
redesigning
future
polyesters
with
intrinsic
chemical
recyclability
tailored
performance
rival
commodity
are
either
petroleum
based
and/or
hard
recycle.
This
review
captures
these
exciting
recent
developments
outlines
challenges
opportunities.
Case
studies
poly(lactic
acid),
poly(3-hydroxyalkanoate)s,
poly(ethylene
terephthalate),
poly(butylene
succinate),
poly(butylene-adipate
presented,
emerging
recyclable
comprehensively
reviewed.
Chemical Reviews,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
124(5), С. 2617 - 2650
Опубликована: Фев. 22, 2024
The
societal
importance
of
plastics
contrasts
with
the
carelessness
which
they
are
disposed.
Their
superlative
properties
lead
to
economic
and
environmental
efficiency,
but
linearity
puts
climate,
human
health,
global
ecosystems
at
risk.
Recycling
is
fundamental
transitioning
this
linear
model
into
a
more
sustainable,
circular
economy.
Among
recycling
technologies,
chemical
depolymerization
offers
route
virgin
quality
recycled
plastics,
especially
when
valorizing
complex
waste
streams
poorly
served
by
mechanical
methods.
However,
exists
in
interlinked
system
end-of-life
fates,
complementarity
each
approach
key
environmental,
economic,
sustainability.
This
review
explores
recent
progress
made
five
commercial
polymers:
poly(ethylene
terephthalate),
polycarbonates,
polyamides,
aliphatic
polyesters,
polyurethanes.
Attention
paid
not
only
catalytic
technologies
used
enhance
efficiencies
also
interrelationship
other
systemic
constraints
imposed
Novel
polymers,
designed
for
depolymerization,
concisely
reviewed
terms
their
underlying
chemistry
potential
integration
current
plastic
systems.
Polymer Engineering and Science,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
63(9), С. 2651 - 2674
Опубликована: Июнь 21, 2023
Abstract
Polyethylene
terephthalate
(PET)
is
used
in
textile
and
packaging
industries.
The
main
source
of
PET
production
fossil
fuels
with
limited
capacity.
Also,
products
are
single
use
that
transform
into
high
volumes
wastes,
causing
ecosystem
problems.
Recycling
proposed
to
confront
this
challenge.
four
major
recycling
techniques
mechanical,
chemical,
pyrolysis,
enzymatic.
Mechanical,
enzymatic
have
constrained
capabilities
manage
waste.
Chemical
the
potential
path
expanding
waste
possibility
upcycling
addressing
dirty
streams.
Several
chemical
methods
introduced
discussed
literature.
five
glycolysis,
alcoholysis,
aminolysis,
ammonolysis,
hydrolysis.
This
review
describes
depolymerization
via
these
introduces
hydrolysis
as
one
can
depolymerize
an
organic‐free
solvent
environment.
Hydrolysis
tolerates
mixed
wastes
streams
including
copolymers.
It
helps
avoid
challenges
attributed
using
organic
solvents
reaction
systems.
Moreover,
produces
terephthalic
acid,
monomer,
which
has
recently
gained
attention
initiative
monomer
for
production.
focuses
on
three
forms
hydrolysis—alkaline,
neutral,
by
presenting
background
studies,
issued
patents,
recent
trends
application
Angewandte Chemie International Edition,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
62(12)
Опубликована: Окт. 5, 2022
To
achieve
a
sustainable
circular
economy,
polymer
production
must
start
transitioning
to
recycled
and
biobased
feedstock
accomplish
CO2
emission
neutrality.
This
is
not
only
true
for
structural
polymers,
such
as
in
packaging
or
engineering
applications,
but
also
functional
polymers
liquid
formulations,
adhesives,
lubricants,
thickeners
dispersants.
At
their
end
of
life,
be
either
collected
via
technical
pathway,
biodegradable
if
they
are
collectable.
Advances
chemistry
aided
by
computational
material
science,
open
the
way
addressing
these
issues
comprehensively
designing
recyclability
biodegradability.
Review
explores
how
scientific
progress,
together
with
emerging
regulatory
frameworks,
societal
expectations
economic
boundary
conditions,
paint
pathways
transformation
towards
economy
polymers.