Sustainability,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
16(19), С. 8704 - 8704
Опубликована: Окт. 9, 2024
With
nearly
40%
of
the
total
plastics
produced
being
used
for
packaging,
up
to
five
trillion
plastic
bags
are
consumed
in
world
annually.
The
inadequate
disposal
waste
and
its
persistence
has
become
a
serious
challenge/risk
environment,
health,
well-being
living
creatures,
including
humans.
natural
degradation
is
extremely
slow;
large
pieces
may
break
down
into
microplastics
(MPs)
(1
μm–5
mm)
or
nanoplastics
(NPs)
(<1000
nm)
after
protracted
physical,
chemical,
and/or
biological
degradations.
A
brief
overview
transport
micro-
aquatic,
terrestrial,
atmospheric
environments
presented.
Details
provided
on
exposure
routes
these
materials
their
entry
humans
other
biota
through
ingestion,
inhalation,
dermal
contact.
greatest
concern
cumulative
impact
heterogeneous
secondary
MPs
NPs
planetary
human
health.
Inhaled
have
been
shown
affect
upper
respiratory
tract,
lower
alveoli;
prolonged
can
lead
chronic
inflammatory
changes
systemic
disease.
These
also
autoimmune
diseases
health
conditions,
atherosclerosis
malignancy.
Sustainable
mitigation
strategies
reduce
MPs/NPs
include
source
reduction,
material
substitution,
filtration
purification,
transformation
value-added
materials,
technological
innovations,
etc.
Multidisciplinary
collaborations
across
fields
medicine,
public
environmental
science,
economics,
policy
required
help
limit
detrimental
effects
widespread
environment.
