
National Science Review, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 12(3)
Опубликована: Янв. 16, 2025
ABSTRACT The health impacts of particulate matter (PM) depend on its concentration, size and composition. Herein, we quantified the changes in emissions primary PM2.5, PM2.5–10 PM>10 with aerodynamic diameters <2.5 μm, 2.5–10 μm >10 respectively, black carbon (BC), organic (OC) to address driving factors. temporal trends PM follow Kuznets curves, 1995 as peak year when gross domestic product per capita was only US$1023, showing a late-mover advantage. fractions PM2.5 : BC OC non-carbonaceous-PM2.5 from various sectors varied following different trajectories. mass iron–steel production industries changed 21% 12% 67% 1960 50% 13% 37% 2019, decrease size. were linearly correlated whereas dependence differed before after 1995, owing residential emissions. Various factors influencing carbonaceous fraction explored. major promotion dust-removal capacity transition energy solid fuels emission-free fuels, which increased fine fraction.
Язык: Английский