Teenagers, screens and social media: a narrative review of reviews and key studies

Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 55(4), С. 407 - 414

Опубликована: Янв. 10, 2020

Abstract Introduction In light of growing concerns about an increasingly digital adolescence, the academic field investigating how technologies affect adolescents’ psychological well-being is rapidly. last years, much research has amassed, and this been summarised in over 80 systematic reviews meta-analyses. Materials Methods Systematic reviews, meta-analyses key studies are reviewed to provide insights into state current linking technology social media use well-being; possible future directions improvements discussed. Results When examining it becomes evident that dominated by cross-sectional work generally a low quality standard. While highlighted importance differentiating between different types many do not consider such necessary nuances. These limitations aside, association use, or particular, is—on average—negative but very small. Furthermore, direction link still unclear: effects have found exist both there little done rule out potential confounders. Conclusions Reviewing decade area, needs refocus on improving transparency, interpreting effect sizes changing measurement. It also show greater appreciation for individual differences will inherently shape each adolescent’s reaction technologies.

Язык: Английский

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A multi-country test of brief reappraisal interventions on emotions during the COVID-19 pandemic

Nature Human Behaviour, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 5(8), С. 1089 - 1110

Опубликована: Авг. 2, 2021

Язык: Английский

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How Many Participants Do I Need to Test an Interaction? Conducting an Appropriate Power Analysis and Achieving Sufficient Power to Detect an Interaction

Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 6(3)

Опубликована: Июль 1, 2023

Power analysis for first-order interactions poses two challenges: (a) Conducting an appropriate power is difficult because the typical expected effect size of interaction depends on its shape, and (b) achieving sufficient are often modest in size. This article consists three parts. In first part, we address challenge. We use a fictional study to explain difference between analyses main effects. Then, introduce intuitive taxonomy 12 types based shape (reversed, fully attenuated, partially attenuated) simple slopes (median, smaller, larger), offer mathematically derived sample-size recommendations detect each with .80/.90/.95 (for two-tailed tests between-participants designs). second describe preregistered metastudy (159 studies from recent articles influential psychology journals) showing that median .18. simulations (≈900,000,000 data sets) generate curves test approaches increase without increasing sample size: preregistering one-tailed (+21% gain), using mixed design (+75% (c) contrast attenuated (+62% gain). third INT×Power ( www.intxpower.com ), web application enables users draw their determine needed reach choice option using/combining these approaches.

Язык: Английский

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Power to Detect What? Considerations for Planning and Evaluating Sample Size

Personality and Social Psychology Review, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 28(3), С. 276 - 301

Опубликована: Фев. 12, 2024

Academic Abstract In the wake of replication crisis, social and personality psychologists have increased attention to power analysis adequacy sample sizes. this article, we analyze current controversies in area, including choosing effect sizes, why whether analyses should be conducted on already-collected data, how mitigate negative effects size criteria specific kinds research, which criterion use. For novel research questions, advocate that researchers base sizes are likely cost-effective for other people implement (in applied settings) or study basic settings), given limitations interest-based minimums field-wide We discuss two alternatives analysis, precision sequential end with recommendations improving practices researchers, reviewers, journal editors social-personality psychology. Public Recently, psychology has been criticized basing some its conclusions studies low numbers participants. As a result, mathematical way ensure enough participants reliably “detect” psychological effect, become popular. This article describes discusses about it, derive assumptions size, requirements can without harming hard-to-reach marginalized communities. settings).

Язык: Английский

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The Misinformation Susceptibility Test (MIST): A psychometrically validated measure of news veracity discernment

Behavior Research Methods, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 56(3), С. 1863 - 1899

Опубликована: Июнь 29, 2023

Abstract Interest in the psychology of misinformation has exploded recent years. Despite ample research, to date there is no validated framework measure susceptibility. Therefore, we introduce V e r i f ication d o n , a nuanced interpretation schema and assessment tool that simultaneously considers eracity discernment its distinct, measurable abilities ( eal/ ake news detection ), biases istrust / aïvité —negative/positive judgment bias). We then conduct three studies with seven independent samples N total = 8504) show how develop, validate, apply Misinformation Susceptibility Test (MIST). In Study 1 409) use neural network language model generate items, psychometric methods—factor analysis, item response theory, exploratory graph analysis—to create MIST-20 (20 items; completion time < 2 minutes), MIST-16 (16 MIST-8 (8 minute). 7674) confirm internal predictive validity MIST five national quota (US, UK), across years, from different sampling platforms—Respondi, CloudResearch, Prolific. also explore MIST’s nomological net age-, region-, country-specific norm tables. 3 421) demonstrate MIST—in conjunction —can provide novel insights on existing psychological interventions, thereby advancing theory development. Finally, outline versatile implementations as screening tool, covariate, intervention evaluation framework. As all methods are transparently reported detailed, this work will allow other researchers similar scales or adapt them for any population interest.

Язык: Английский

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Globally, songs and instrumental melodies are slower and higher and use more stable pitches than speech: A Registered Report

Science Advances, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 10(20)

Опубликована: Май 15, 2024

Both music and language are found in all known human societies, yet no studies have compared similarities differences between song, speech, instrumental on a global scale. In this Registered Report, we analyzed two datasets: (i) 300 annotated audio recordings representing matched sets of traditional songs, recited lyrics, conversational melodies from our 75 coauthors speaking 55 languages; (ii) 418 previously published adult-directed song speech 209 individuals 16 languages. Of six preregistered predictions, five were strongly supported: Relative to songs use higher pitch, slower temporal rate, (iii) more stable pitches, while both used similar (iv) pitch interval size (v) timbral brightness. Exploratory analyses suggest that features vary along "musi-linguistic" continuum when including lyrics. Our study provides strong empirical evidence cross-cultural regularities speech.

Язык: Английский

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A global test of brief reappraisal interventions on emotions during the COVID-19 pandemic

Опубликована: Апрель 17, 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic has increased negative emotions and decreased positive globally. Left unchecked, these emotional changes might have a wide array of adverse impacts. To reduce increase emotions, we tested the effectiveness reappraisal, an emotion regulation strategy which modifies how one thinks about situation. Participants from 87 countries/regions (N = 21,644) were randomly assigned to two brief reappraisal interventions (reconstrual or repurposing) control conditions (active passive). Results revealed that both (vs. conditions) had consistent effects in reducing increasing across different measures. Reconstrual repurposing similar effects. Importantly, planned exploratory analyses indicated did not intentions practice preventive health behaviours. findings demonstrate viability creating scalable, low-cost for use around world build resilience during beyond.

Язык: Английский

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A Researcher’s Guide to the Measurement and Modeling of Puberty in the ABCD Study® at Baseline

Frontiers in Endocrinology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 12

Опубликована: Май 5, 2021

The Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development℠ (ABCD) Study is an ongoing, diverse, longitudinal, and multi-site study of 11,880 adolescents in the United States. ABCD provides open access to data about pubertal development at a large scale, this article researcher’s guide that both describes its variables outlines recommendations for use. These considerations are contextualized with reference cross-sectional empirical analyses measures within baseline dataset by Herting, Uban, colleagues (2021). We discuss strategies capitalize on strengths, mitigate weaknesses, appropriately interpret limitations researchers using dataset, aim building toward robust science adolescent development.

Язык: Английский

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Time spent playing video games is unlikely to impact well-being

Royal Society Open Science, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 9(7)

Опубликована: Июль 1, 2022

Video games are a massively popular form of entertainment, socializing, cooperation and competition. Games' ubiquity fuels fears that they cause poor mental health, major health bodies national governments have made far-reaching policy decisions to address games' potential risks, despite lacking adequate supporting data. The concern-evidence mismatch underscores we know too little about impacts on well-being. We addressed this disconnect by linking six weeks 38 935 players' objective game-behaviour data, provided seven global game publishers, with three waves their self-reported well-being collected. found no evidence for causal connection between play However, results suggested motivations role in For good or ill, the average effects time spent playing video probably very small, further industry data required determine risks supportive factors health.

Язык: Английский

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Credibility Beyond Replicability: Improving the Four Validities in Psychological Science

Current Directions in Psychological Science, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 31(2), С. 162 - 168

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2022

Psychological science’s “credibility revolution” has produced an explosion of metascientific work on improving research practices. Although much attention been paid to replicability (reducing false positives), credibility depends addressing a wide range problems afflicting psychological science, beyond simply making psychology more replicable. Here we focus the “four validities” and highlight recent developments—many which have led by early-career researchers—aimed at these four validities in research. We propose that revolution psychology, its roots replicability, can be harnessed improve psychology’s validity broadly.

Язык: Английский

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