Building Simulation,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
16(9), С. 1617 - 1628
Опубликована: Авг. 1, 2023
Abstract
Despite
the
widespread
assumption
that
outdoor
environments
provide
sufficient
ventilation
and
dilution
capacity
to
mitigate
risk
of
COVID-19
infection,
there
is
little
understanding
airborne
infection
in
urban
areas
with
poor
ventilation.
To
address
this
gap,
we
propose
a
modified
Wells-Riley
model
based
on
purging
flow
rate
(
Q
PFR
),
by
using
computational
fluid
dynamics
(CFD)
simulations.
The
quantifies
2D
street
canyons
different
approaching
wind
speeds,
heating
patterns
aspect
ratios
(building
height
width).
We
show
morphology
plays
critical
role
controlling
infectious
disease
transmission
environments,
especially
under
calm
winds;
deep
(aspect
ratio
>
3)
having
similar
as
typical
indoor
environments.
While
ground
leeward
wall
could
reduce
risk,
windward
(e.g.,
~10
K
warmer
than
ambient
air)
can
increase
up
75%.
Our
research
highlights
importance
considering
mitigating
risk.
By
identifying
addressing
these
risks,
inform
measures
may
enhance
public
health
safety,
particularly
densely
populated
Pathogens,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
11(11), С. 1228 - 1228
Опубликована: Окт. 25, 2022
Tuberculosis
has
affected
humankind
for
thousands
of
years,
but
a
deeper
understanding
its
cause
and
transmission
only
arose
after
Robert
Koch
discovered
Journal of Building Engineering,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
76, С. 107060 - 107060
Опубликована: Июнь 10, 2023
Ventilation
is
fundamental
for
providing
good
Indoor
Air
Quality
in
buildings.
Nevertheless,
it
involves
considerable
energy
consumption.
In
this
paper,
a
co-simulation
approach
was
applied
to
two
case
studies,
residential
and
an
educational
building,
evaluate
different
control
strategies
hybrid
ventilation
systems
terms
of
annual
demand
risk
mitigation.
The
simulations
were
performed
using
TRNSYS
CONTAM
successively
applying
the
Wells-Riley
model
estimate
airborne
infection
risk.
analysis
three
climates,
Venice,
Rome
Helsinki.
Results
apartment
show
that
do
not
lead
significant
variations
overall
heating
given
climate.
contrast,
increasing
natural
hours
during
cooling
season
produces
savings
both
sensible
(up
31%
Venice)
latent
30%
Rome).
Fan
absorption
reduced
by
40%
86%
flat
classroom,
respectively
84%
Venice
season.
Moreover,
strategy
enhancing
promising
reducing
Therefore,
if
well-regulated
through
suitable
strategy,
system
seems
maintaining
healthy
indoor
environments
while
Building and Environment,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
219, С. 109224 - 109224
Опубликована: Май 24, 2022
The
public
transport
system,
containing
a
large
number
of
passengers
in
enclosed
and
confined
spaces,
provides
suitable
conditions
for
the
spread
respiratory
diseases.
Understanding
how
diseases
are
transmitted
environment
is
vital
importance
to
health.
However,
this
highly
multidisciplinary
matter
related
physical
processes
including
emissions
droplets,
droplet
dynamics
pathways,
subsequently,
infection
risk
transport,
poorly
understood.
To
better
grasp
complex
involved,
synthesis
current
knowledge
required.
Therefore,
we
conducted
review
on
behaviors
droplets
covering
wide
scope
from
emission
profiles
expiratory
transmission
COVID-19
transport.
literature
was
searched
using
keywords
Web
Science
PubMed
screened
suitability.
size
key
parameter
determining
deposition
evaporation,
which
together
with
exhaled
air
velocity
largely
determines
horizontal
travel
distance.
potential
route
rate
as
well
factors
influencing
virus-laden
virus
viability
(such
ventilation
wearing
personal
protective
equipment,
temperature
relative
humidity)
were
also
discussed.
suggests
that
future
studies
should
address
uncertainties
associated
measurement
techniques,
preferably
build
database
based
unified
testing
protocol.
Further
investigations
field
measurements
modeling
into
influence
different
systems
needed,
would
provide
scientific
basis
controlling
PLoS Computational Biology,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
20(3), С. e1011956 - e1011956
Опубликована: Март 28, 2024
SARS-CoV-2
transmission
in
indoor
spaces,
where
most
infection
events
occur,
depends
on
the
types
and
duration
of
human
interactions,
among
others.
Understanding
how
these
behaviours
interface
with
virus
characteristics
to
drive
pathogen
dictate
outcomes
non-pharmaceutical
interventions
is
important
for
informed
safe
use
spaces.
To
better
understand
complex
we
developed
Pedestrian
Dynamics-Virus
Spread
model
(PeDViS),
an
individual-based
that
combines
pedestrian
behaviour
models
spread
incorporating
direct
indirect
routes.
We
explored
relationships
between
exposure
duration,
distance,
respiratory
behaviour,
environment
which
interactions
infected
uninfected
individuals
took
place
compared
this
benchmark
'at
risk'
(1.5
metres
15
minutes).
When
considering
aerosol
transmission,
adhering
distancing
measures
may
be
at
risk
due
buildup
airborne
when
spend
prolonged
time
indoors.
In
our
restaurant
case,
guests
seated
tables
near
were
limited
but
could,
particularly
poorly
ventilated
places,
experience
risks
surpass
interactions.
Combining
target
different
routes
can
aid
accumulating
impact,
instance
by
combining
ventilation
face
masks.
The
impact
such
combined
relative
importance
routes,
hard
disentangle
highly
context
dependent.
This
uncertainty
should
considered
assessing
upon
illustrated
multi-dimensionality
emerges
from
interplay
viruses.
A
modelling
strategy
incorporates
assessments
help
inform
policy
makers
citizens
spaces
varying
inter-human
Environmental Health Perspectives,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
132(5)
Опубликована: Май 1, 2024
In
response
to
the
COVID-19
pandemic,
new
evidence-based
strategies
have
emerged
for
reducing
transmission
of
respiratory
infections
through
management
indoor
air.
