Environmental Pollution, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 126343 - 126343

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2025

Quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) are antimicrobials and cationic surfactants used since the early 20th century but increasingly under scrutiny because of their biocidal properties potential to induce antimicrobial resistance. Although recognized as aquatic contaminants, little is known about entry, persistence effects QACs in floodplain soils. Due sorption suspended particulate matter (SPM), we hypothesized that floodplains may have acted sinks for QAC contamination aquatic-terrestrial interface decades. Thus, expected vertical distributions dated soil profiles reflect historical emissions flood deposits. Moreover, particle-associated entry with SPM microplastics (MPs) be a key input pathway. We therefore assessed depth distribution 31 two soils German river Lahn by high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry after ultrasonic extraction. Correlation analysis between MP (>500 μm) concentrations cluster homologue patterns different were identify probable routes. detected down 90 cm depth, corresponding 1920s-1930s, peak layers related recent hundred-year flood. Highest up mg kg-1 semi-quantified dimethyldioctadecylammonium tentatively exceeded ecotoxicological effect thresholds twofold. Concentrations several correlated positively contents while showed similarity topsoil segments, highlighting importance entry. These findings confirm potentially persistent contaminants concern

Язык: Английский