Annual Review of Virology,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
11(1), С. 105 - 124
Опубликована: Сен. 26, 2024
Biomolecular
condensates
are
nonmembrane-bound
assemblies
of
biological
polymers
such
as
protein
and
nucleic
acids.
An
increasingly
accepted
paradigm
across
the
viral
tree
life
is
(a)
that
viruses
form
biomolecular
(b)
formation
required
for
virus.
Condensates
can
promote
replication
by
promoting
packaging,
genome
compaction,
membrane
bending,
co-opting
host
translation.
This
review
primarily
concerned
with
exploring
methodologies
assessing
virally
encoded
condensates.
The
goal
this
to
provide
an
experimental
framework
virologists
consider
when
designing
experiments
identify
their
components,
reconstitute
condensation
cell
free
from
minimal
(c)
ask
questions
about
what
conditions
lead
condensation,
(d)
map
these
back
cycle,
(e)
design
test
inhibitors/modulators
potential
therapeutics.
attempts
integrate
virology,
biology,
biochemistry
approaches.
Journal of Virology,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
98(2)
Опубликована: Янв. 10, 2024
Adenoviruses
are
a
group
of
double-stranded
DNA
viruses
that
can
mainly
cause
respiratory,
gastrointestinal,
and
eye
infections
in
humans.
In
addition,
adenoviruses
employed
as
vector
vaccines
for
combatting
viral
infections,
including
SARS-CoV-2,
serve
excellent
gene
therapy
vectors.
These
have
the
ability
to
modulate
host
cell
machinery
their
advantage
trigger
significant
restructuring
nuclei
infected
cells
through
activity
proteins.
One
those,
adenovirus
DNA-binding
protein
(DBP),
is
multifunctional
non-structural
integral
reorganization
processes.
DBP
encoded
E2A
transcriptional
unit
highly
abundant
cells.
Its
unequivocally
linked
formation,
structure,
integrity
virus-induced
replication
compartments,
molecular
hubs
regulation
processes,
control
cell.
also
plays
key
roles
replication,
transcription,
expression,
even
range
specificity.
Notably,
post-translational
modifications
DBP,
such
SUMOylation
extensive
phosphorylation,
regulate
its
biological
functions.
was
first
investigated
1970s,
pioneering
research
on
this
literature
review,
we
provide
an
overview
specifically
summarize
findings
related
complex
diverse
functions,
role
context
replication.
Finally,
address
novel
insights
perspectives
future
research.
Genetic
diversity
is
a
hallmark
of
RNA
viruses
and
the
basis
for
their
evolutionary
success.
Taking
advantage
uniquely
large
genomic
database
SARS-CoV-2,
we
examine
impact
mutations
across
spectrum
viable
amino
acid
sequences
on
biophysical
phenotypes
highly
expressed
multifunctional
nucleocapsid
protein.
We
find
variation
in
physicochemical
parameters
its
extended
intrinsically
disordered
regions
(IDRs)
sufficient
to
allow
local
plasticity,
but
also
observe
functional
constraints
that
similarly
occur
related
coronaviruses.
In
experiments
with
several
N-protein
species
carrying
associated
major
variants,
point
IDRs
can
have
nonlocal
modulate
thermodynamic
stability,
secondary
structure,
protein
oligomeric
state,
particle
formation,
liquid-liquid
phase
separation.
Omicron
variant,
distant
different
compensatory
effects
shifting
delicate
balance
interactions
controlling
assembly
properties,
include
creation
new
protein-protein
interaction
interface
N-terminal
IDR
through
defining
P13L
mutation.
A
picture
emerges
where
genetic
accompanied
by
significant
characteristics
species,
particular
IDRs.
International Journal of Biological Sciences,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
20(5), С. 1652 - 1668
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024
Liquid-liquid
phase
separation
(LLPS)
is
a
physiological
phenomenon
that
parallels
the
mixing
of
oil
and
water,
giving
rise
to
compartments
with
diverse
physical
properties.Biomolecular
condensates,
arising
from
LLPS,
serve
as
critical
regulators
gene
expression
control,
particular
significance
in
context
malignant
tumors.Recent
investigations
have
unveiled
intimate
connection
between
LLPS
cancer,
nexus
profoundly
impacts
various
facets
cancer
progression,
including
DNA
repair,
transcriptional
regulation,
oncogene
expression,
formation
membraneless
organelles
within
microenvironment.This
review
provides
comprehensive
account
evolution
molecular
pathological
level.We
explore
mechanisms
by
through
which
biomolecular
condensates
govern
cellular
processes,
encompassing
signal
transduction,
responses
environmental
stressors.Furthermore,
we
concentrate
on
potential
therapeutic
targets
development
small-molecule
inhibitors
associated
prevalent
clinical
malignancies.Understanding
role
its
interplay
tumor
milieu
holds
promise
for
enhancing
treatment
strategies,
particularly
overcoming
drug
resistance
challenges.These
insights
offer
innovative
perspectives
support
advancing
therapy.
Genetic
diversity
is
a
hallmark
of
RNA
viruses
and
the
basis
for
their
evolutionary
success.
Taking
advantage
uniquely
large
genomic
database
SARS-CoV-2,
we
examine
impact
mutations
across
spectrum
viable
amino
acid
sequences
on
biophysical
phenotypes
highly
expressed
multifunctional
nucleocapsid
protein.
We
find
variation
in
physicochemical
parameters
its
extended
intrinsically
disordered
regions
(IDRs)
sufficient
to
allow
local
plasticity,
but
also
observe
functional
constraints
that
similarly
occur
related
coronaviruses.
In
experiments
with
several
N-protein
species
carrying
associated
major
variants,
point
IDRs
can
have
nonlocal
modulate
thermodynamic
stability,
secondary
structure,
protein
oligomeric
state,
particle
formation,
liquid-liquid
phase
separation.
Omicron
variant,
distant
different
compensatory
effects
shifting
delicate
balance
interactions
controlling
assembly
properties,
include
creation
new
protein-protein
interaction
interface
N-terminal
IDR
through
defining
P13L
mutation.
A
picture
emerges
where
genetic
accompanied
by
significant
characteristics
species,
particular
IDRs.
Frontiers in Immunology,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
14
Опубликована: Май 10, 2023
Spatiotemporal
separation
of
cellular
components
is
vital
to
ensure
biochemical
processes.
Membrane-bound
organelles
such
as
mitochondria
and
nuclei
play
a
major
role
in
isolating
intracellular
components,
while
membraneless
(MLOs)
are
accumulatively
uncovered
via
liquid-liquid
phase
(LLPS)
mediate
spatiotemporal
organization.
MLOs
orchestrate
various
key
processes,
including
protein
localization,
supramolecular
assembly,
gene
expression,
signal
transduction.
During
viral
infection,
LLPS
not
only
participates
replication
but
also
contributes
host
antiviral
immune
responses.
Therefore,
more
comprehensive
understanding
the
roles
virus
infection
may
open
up
new
avenues
for
treating
infectious
diseases.
In
this
review,
we
focus
on
defense
mechanisms
innate
immunity
discuss
involvement
during
evasion
escape,
well
strategy
targeting
treat
Journal of Cellular Biochemistry,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
125(7)
Опубликована: Июнь 30, 2024
ABSTRACT
The
14‐3‐3
family
of
proteins
are
highly
conserved
acidic
eukaryotic
(25–32
kDa)
abundantly
present
in
the
body.
Through
numerous
binding
partners,
is
responsible
for
many
essential
cellular
pathways,
such
as
cell
cycle
regulation
and
gene
transcription
control.
Hence,
its
dysregulation
has
been
linked
to
onset
critical
illnesses
cancers,
neurodegenerative
diseases
viral
infections.
Interestingly,
explorative
studies
have
revealed
an
inverse
correlation
protein
cancer
diseases,
direct
manipulation
by
virus
enhance
infection
capacity
dramatically
extended
significance.
Of
these,
COVID‐19
interference
SARS‐CoV‐2
nucleocapsid
(N)
during
virion
assembly.
Given
predisposition
towards
multiple
host
signalling
it
vital
understand
holistic
interactions
between
unravel
potential
therapeutic
unit
future.
As
such,
general
structure
properties
proteins,
well
their
known
biological
functions
implications
cancer,
neurodegeneration,
viruses,
were
covered
this
review.
Furthermore,
target
associated
was
discussed.
Frontiers in Immunology,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
15
Опубликована: Сен. 26, 2024
Liquid-liquid
phase
separation
(LLPS)
is
integral
to
various
biological
processes,
facilitating
signal
transduction
by
creating
a
condensed,
membrane-less
environment
that
plays
crucial
roles
in
diverse
physiological
and
pathological
processes.
Recent
evidence
has
underscored
the
significance
of
LLPS
human
health
disease.
However,
its
implications
respiratory
diseases
remain
poorly
understood.
This
review
explores
current
insights
into
mechanisms
LLPS,
focusing
particularly
on
relevance
diseases,
aiming
deepen
our
understanding
propose
new
paradigm
for
studying
this
context.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
120(47)
Опубликована: Ноя. 14, 2023
A
detailed
understanding
of
the
innate
immune
mechanisms
involved
in
restricting
SARS-CoV-2
infection
and
how
virus
disrupts
these
processes
could
reveal
new
strategies
to
boost
antiviral
develop
therapeutics
for
COVID-19.
Here,
we
identify
cellular
nucleic
acid-binding
protein
(CNBP)
as
a
key
host
factor
controlling
infection.
In
response
RNA-sensing
pathways,
CNBP
is
phosphorylated
translocates
from
cytosol
nucleus
where
it
binds
interferon-β
enhancer
initiate
transcription.
Because
evades
detection
by
host’s
largely
retained
restricts
directly,
leading
battle
between
that
extends
beyond
signaling
pathways.
We
further
demonstrated
viral
RNA
directly
competes
with
nucleocapsid
prevent
forming
liquid–liquid
phase
separation
(LLPS)
condensates
critical
replication.
Consequently,
cells
animals
lacking
have
higher
loads,
CNBP-deficient
mice
succumb
rapidly
Altogether,
findings
SARS-CoV-2,
functioning
both
regulator
IFN
gene
expression
cell-intrinsic
restriction
LLPS
limit
replication
spread.
addition,
our
studies
also
highlight
important
targets
development
drugs
combat
