COVID-19, post-acute COVID-19 syndrome (PACS, “long COVID”) and post-COVID-19 vaccination syndrome (PCVS, “post-COVIDvac-syndrome”): Similarities and differences

Pathology - Research and Practice, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 246, С. 154497 - 154497

Опубликована: Май 3, 2023

Worldwide there have been over 760 million confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases, and 13 billion COVID-19 vaccine doses administered as of April 2023, according to the World Health Organization. An infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can lead an disease, i.e. COVID-19, but also a post-acute (PACS, "long COVID"). Currently, side effects vaccines are increasingly being noted studied. Here, we summarise currently available indications discuss our conclusions that (i) these specific similarities differences PACS, (ii) new term should be used refer (post-COVID-19 vaccination syndrome, PCVS, colloquially "post-COVIDvac-syndrome"), (iii) is need distinguish between (ACVS) (PACVS) - in analogy PACS ("long Moreover, address mixed forms caused by natural SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. We explain why it important for medical diagnosis, care research use terms (PCVS, ACVS PACVS) order avoid confusion misinterpretation underlying causes enable optimal therapy. do not recommend "Post-Vac-Syndrome" imprecise. The article serves current problem "medical gaslighting" relation PCVS raising awareness among professionals supplying appropriate terminology disease.

Язык: Английский

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Update on the diagnosis and treatment of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) – revised recommendations of the Neuromyelitis Optica Study Group (NEMOS). Part II: Attack therapy and long-term management

Journal of Neurology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 271(1), С. 141 - 176

Опубликована: Сен. 7, 2023

Abstract This manuscript presents practical recommendations for managing acute attacks and implementing preventive immunotherapies neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD), a rare autoimmune disease that causes severe inflammation in the central nervous system (CNS), primarily affecting optic nerves, spinal cord, brainstem. The pillars of NMOSD therapy are attack treatment prevention to minimize accrual neurological disability. Aquaporin-4 immunoglobulin G antibodies (AQP4-IgG) diagnostic marker play significant role its pathogenicity. Recent advances understanding have led development new therapies completion randomized controlled trials. Four now been approved AQP4-IgG-positive many regions world: eculizumab, ravulizumab - most recently-, inebilizumab, satralizumab. These drugs may potentially substitute rituximab classical immunosuppressive therapies, which were as yet mainstay both, -negative NMOSD. Here, Neuromyelitis Optica Study Group (NEMOS) provides an overview current state knowledge on treatments offers statements management use all available this disease. Unmet needs AQP4-IgG-negative also discussed. developed using Delphi-based consensus method among core author group at expert discussions NEMOS meetings.

Язык: Английский

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A review of neurological side effects of COVID-19 vaccination

European journal of medical research, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 28(1)

Опубликована: Фев. 25, 2023

Following the COVID-19 virus epidemic, extensive, coordinated international research has led to rapid development of effective vaccines. Although vaccines are now considered best way achieve collective safety and control mortality, due critical situation, these have been issued emergency use licenses some their potential subsequence side effects overlooked. At same time, there many reports after getting a vaccine. According reports, vaccination can an adverse event, especially on nervous system. The most important common complications cerebrovascular disorders including cerebral venous sinus thrombosis, transient ischemic attack, intracerebral hemorrhage, stroke, demyelinating transverse myelitis, first manifestation MS, neuromyelitis optica. These often acute transient, but they be severe even fatal in few cases. Herein, we provided comprehensive review documents reporting neurological databases from 2020 2022 discussed possibly caused by vaccination.

Язык: Английский

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COVID-19 vaccine associated demyelination & its association with MOG antibody

Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 60, С. 103739 - 103739

Опубликована: Март 13, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Central nervous system demyelinating diseases: glial cells at the hub of pathology

Frontiers in Immunology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 14

Опубликована: Май 16, 2023

Inflammatory demyelinating diseases (IDDs) are among the main causes of inflammatory and neurodegenerative injury central nervous system (CNS) in young adult patients. Of these, multiple sclerosis (MS) is most frequent studied, as it affects about a million people USA alone. The understanding mechanisms underlying their pathology has been advancing, although there still no highly effective disease-modifying treatments for progressive symptoms disability late stages disease. Among these mechanisms, action glial cells upon lesion regeneration become prominent research topic, helped not only by discovery glia targets autoantibodies, but also role on CNS homeostasis neuroinflammation. In present article, we discuss participation IDDs, well association with demyelination synaptic dysfunction throughout course disease experimental models, focus MS phenotypes. Further, involvement microglia astrocytes formation organization, remyelination, induction pruning through different signaling pathways. We argue that evidence several glia-mediated supports viable therapy development.

Язык: Английский

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Safety outcomes following COVID-19 vaccination and infection in 5.1 million children in England

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15(1)

Опубликована: Май 27, 2024

Abstract The risk-benefit profile of COVID-19 vaccination in children remains uncertain. A self-controlled case-series study was conducted using linked data 5.1 million England to compare risks hospitalisation from vaccine safety outcomes after and infection. In 5-11-year-olds, we found no increased adverse events 1–42 days following with BNT162b2, mRNA-1273 or ChAdOX1. 12-17-year-olds, estimated 3 (95%CI 0–5) 5 3–6) additional cases myocarditis per a first second dose respectively. An 12 0–23) hospitalisations epilepsy 4 0–6) demyelinating disease (in females only, mainly optic neuritis) were BNT162b2. SARS-CoV-2 infection associated seven including multisystem inflammatory syndrome myocarditis, but these largely absent those vaccinated prior We report favourable under-18s.

Язык: Английский

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COVID-19 Vaccination and the Rate of Immune and Autoimmune Adverse Events Following Immunization: Insights From a Narrative Literature Review

Frontiers in Immunology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 13

Опубликована: Июль 5, 2022

Despite their proven efficacy and huge contribution to the health of humankind, vaccines continue be a source concern for some individuals around world. Vaccinations against COVID-19 increased number distressed people intensified distrust, particularly as pandemic was still emerging populations were encouraged vaccinated under various slogans like "back normal life" "stop coronavirus", goals which are achieved. As fear vaccination-related adverse events following immunization (AEFIs) is main reason vaccine hesitancy, we reviewed immune autoimmune AEFIs in particular, though very rare, most worrisome aspect vaccines. Among others, commonly administered include neurological ones such Guillain-Barre syndrome, transverse myelitis, Bell's palsy, well myocarditis. In addition, newly introduced notion related vaccines, "vaccine-induced thrombotic thrombocytopenia/vaccine-induced prothrombotic thrombocytopenia" (VITT/VIPITT)", importance well. Overviewing recent medical literature while focusing on major AEFIs, demonstrating rate occurrence, presenting cases reported, link specific type represented aim our work. this narrative review, illustrate different types current use, associated with focus 3 (BNT162b2, mRNA-1273, ChAdOx1). While extremely low, addressing issue manner, opinion, best strategy coping hesitancy.

Язык: Английский

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Can COVID-19 Vaccines Induce Premature Non-Communicable Diseases: Where Are We Heading to?

Vaccines, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 11(2), С. 208 - 208

Опубликована: Янв. 17, 2023

According to the WHO, as of January 2023, more than 850 million cases and over 6.6 deaths from COVID-19 have been reported worldwide. Currently, death rate has reduced due decreased pathogenicity new SARS-CoV-2 variants, but major factor in rates is administration 12.8 billion vaccine doses globally. While vaccines are saving lives, serious side effects after vaccinations for several premature non-communicable diseases (NCDs). However, adverse events low number. The scientific community must investigate entire spectrum COVID-19-vaccine-induced complications so that necessary safety measures can be taken, current re-engineered avoid or minimize their effects. We describe depth severe metabolic, mental, neurological disorders; cardiovascular, renal, autoimmune diseases, reproductive health issues detected whether these causal incidental. In any case, it become clear benefits outweigh risks by a large margin. pre-existing conditions vaccinated individuals need taken into account prevention treatment events.

Язык: Английский

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Incidence and management of the main serious adverse events reported after COVID‐19 vaccination

Pharmacology Research & Perspectives, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 12(3)

Опубликована: Июнь 1, 2024

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2n first appeared in Wuhan, China 2019. Soon after, it was declared a pandemic World Health Organization. The health crisis imposed new virus and its rapid spread worldwide prompted fast development of vaccines. For time human history, two vaccines based on recombinant genetic material technology were approved for use. These mRNA applied massive immunization programs around world, followed other more traditional approaches. Even though all tested clinical trials prior to their general administration, serious adverse events, usually very low incidence, mostly identified after application millions doses. Establishing direct correlation (the cause-effect paradigm) between vaccination appearance effects has proven challenging. This review focuses main observed vaccination, including anaphylaxis, myocarditis, vaccine-induced thrombotic thrombocytopenia, Guillain-Barré syndrome, transverse myelitis reported context COVID-19 vaccination. We highlight symptoms, laboratory tests required an adequate diagnosis, briefly outline recommended treatments these effects. aim this work is increase awareness among healthcare personnel about events that may arise post-vaccination. Regardless ongoing discussion safety must be promptly treated effectively reduce risk complications.

Язык: Английский

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MOG Antibody-Associated Disorders Following SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination: A Case Report and Literature Review

Frontiers in Neurology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 13

Опубликована: Март 1, 2022

Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody-associated disorder (MOGAD) is a newly identified autoimmune demyelinating that often associated with acute disseminated encephalomyelitis and usually occurs postinfection or postvaccination. Here we report case of MOGAD after mRNA severe respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination. A previously healthy 68-year-old woman presented to our department gradually worsening numbness on the right side her face, which began 14 days second dose an mRNA-1273 The patient's brain MRI revealed cerebellar peduncle lesion gadolinium enhancement, typical finding MOGAD. neurological examination paresthesia V2 V3 areas. Other examinations were unremarkable. Laboratory workups positive for serum MOG-IgG as assessed by live cell-based assays presence oligoclonal bands in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). test results cytoplasmic-antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies, perinuclear-cytoplasmic-antineutrophil GQ1b-antibodies, aquaporin-4 antibodies (AQP4-IgG) all negative. Tests soluble interleukin (IL)-2 receptors serum, IL-6 CSF skin pricks, angiotensin converting enzyme tests patient was diagnosed receiving SARS-CoV-2 After two courses intravenous methylprednisolone treatment, symptoms improved shrunk slightly without enhancement. To date, there have only been cases monophasic following vaccination, including both ChAdOx1 nCOV-19 vaccines, prognosis generally similar other cases. Although appearance MOG relatively rare post-COVID-19–vaccine diseases, should be considered patients central nervous system (CNS) diseases vaccine.

Язык: Английский

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