Journal of Virology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown
Опубликована: Фев. 3, 2025
ABSTRACT Virion formation and egress are sophisticated processes that rely on the spatial temporal organization of host cell membranes manipulation machineries involved in protein sorting, membrane bending, fusion, fission. These result infectious virions, defective particles, various vesicle-like structures. In herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) infections, virions capsid-less known as light (L)-particles, formed. HSV-1 infection also stimulates release particles resemble extracellular vesicles (EVs). productively infected cells, most EVs generated through CD63 tetraspanin biogenesis pathway lack viral components. A smaller subset EVs, endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT) pathway, contains both factors. Viral mechanisms tightly regulate EV biogenesis, including inhibition autophagy—a process critical increased production CD63+ during infection. Mutant viruses fail to suppress autophagy instead promote microvesicle from plasma membrane. Additionally, ICP0 (Infected Cell Protein 0) enhances The different types can be separated by density gradients due their distinct biophysical properties. L-particles ESCRT+ display a pro-viral role, supporting replication, whereas exhibit antiviral effects. Overall, these studies highlight yields numerous diverse with type composition shaped ability evade responses. likely shape microenvironment determine disease outcomes.
Язык: Английский