International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
25(21), С. 11338 - 11338
Опубликована: Окт. 22, 2024
Alzheimer's
disease
(AD)
is
a
progressive,
degenerative
brain
disorder
that
impairs
memory
and
thinking
skills,
leading
to
significant
economic
humanistic
burdens.
It
associated
with
various
neuropsychiatric
symptoms
(NPS)
such
as
anxiety,
agitation,
depression,
aggression,
apathy,
psychosis.
NPSs
are
common
in
patients
AD,
affecting
up
97%
of
individuals
diagnosed
AD.
The
severity
NPS
linked
progression
cognitive
decline.
leads
increased
morbidity,
mortality,
caregiver
burden,
earlier
nursing
home
placement,
higher
healthcare
costs.
Despite
their
impact,
clinical
research
on
AD
limited.
In
settings,
accurately
distinguishing
diagnosing
related
remains
challenge.
Additionally,
conventional
treatments
for
often
ineffective,
highlighting
the
need
new
therapies
target
these
specific
symptoms.
Understanding
comorbidities
can
aid
early
diagnosis
better
management
this
review,
we
provide
summary
neurological
psychiatric
candidates
under
development
treatment
based
therapeutic
targets
mechanisms.
On
top
studied
so
far,
review
adds
recent
advancements
understanding
social
functional
impairment
This
also
provides
information
contribute
advancement
studies
translational
field
by
emphasizing
mechanisms
action
focused
AD-related
rather
than
targeted
drug
development.
Above
all,
considering
relative
lack
despite
importance
clinical,
medical,
research,
it
may
increase
interest
its
pathophysiological
mechanisms,
potential
molecules
antioxidant
potential.
Frontiers in Neuroscience,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
17
Опубликована: Сен. 5, 2023
Neuropsychiatric
symptoms
(NPS)
in
Alzheimer's
disease
(AD)
affect
up
to
97%
of
AD
patients,
with
an
estimated
80%
current
patients
experiencing
these
symptoms.
Common
AD-associated
NPS
include
depression,
anxiety,
agitation,
aggression,
and
apathy.
The
severity
is
typically
linked
the
disease's
progression
extent
cognitive
decline.
Additionally,
are
responsible
for
a
significant
increase
morbidity,
mortality,
caregiver
burden,
earlier
nursing
home
placement,
greater
healthcare
expenditure.
Despite
their
high
prevalence
impact,
there
notable
lack
clinical
research
on
AD.
In
this
article,
we
explore
analyze
prevalence,
symptom
manifestations,
challenges
diagnosis,
treatment
options
associated
Our
literature
review
reveals
that
distinguishing
accurately
diagnosing
remains
challenging
task
settings.
It
often
difficult
discern
whether
secondary
pathophysiological
changes
from
or
comorbid
psychiatric
conditions.
Furthermore,
availability
effective
pharmaceutical
interventions,
as
well
non-pharmacotherapies
AD,
limited.
By
highlighting
advance
diagnosis
NPS,
aspire
offer
new
insights
into
complexity
identifying
treating
within
context
contribute
deeper
understanding
multifaceted
nature
Epigenomics,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown, С. 1 - 16
Опубликована: Янв. 17, 2025
Suicide
continues
to
be
a
significant
public
health
issue
globally,
claiming
over
700,000
lives
annually.
It
is,
therefore,
important
assess
the
suicide
risk
properly
and
provide
intervention
in
timely
fashion.
While
heritability
of
suicidal
behavior
is
around
50%,
it
does
not
explain
factors
involved
causality.
Recent
evidence
suggests
that
gene
x
environment
interaction
plays
vital
role
behavior.
In
this
paper,
we
critically
evaluate
association
between
adolescent
epigenetic
modifications,
including
DNA
methylation,
histone
modification,
non-coding
RNAs,
as
well
epigenetic-based
treatment
options.
was
noted
prevalence
adolescents
varied
by
age
sex
presence
psychiatric
disorders.
Childhood
adversity
closely
associated
with
Studies
show
alterations
modifications
may
increase
independent
mental
illnesses.
Because
are
reversible,
environmental
enrichment
or
use
pharmacological
agents
can
target
specific
modulation
able
reduce
population.
Journal of Separation Science,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
48(2)
Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2025
ABSTRACT
The
aim
of
this
research
was
the
therapeutic
drug
monitoring
for
valproic
acid
in
epilepsy
patient's
serum
samples
by
common,
sensitive,
and
accessible
HPLC‐UV
method.
Because
absence
a
suitable
chromophore
structure,
facile,
selective,
cost‐effective
pre‐column
derivatization
designed.
This
catalyst‐free
ultrasound‐assisted
assay
can
accomplish
very
quickly
only
5.0
min
at
mild
temperature
60°C.
2,4ʹ‐Dibromoacetophenone
nonanoic
used
as
derivatizing
agent
internal
standard,
respectively.
effect
sample
pH,
buffer
concentration,
ultrasound
exposure
time,
reaction
temperature,
amount
were
optimized.
proposed
method
exhibited
good
linear
range
5.0–300.0
µg/mL
with
acceptable
correlation
coefficients
0.9981.
limit
detection
low
0.4
µg/mL.
Also,
quantification
reported
1.3
Interday
intraday
relative
standard
deviations
(
n
=
10)
1.1%
0.3%–7.0%,
In
addition,
recovery
ranged
from
100.3%
to
107.7%.
measurement
performed
presence
several
non‐epilepsy
drugs
developed
protocol.
confirmed
specific
accurate
determination
serum.
A
comparative
evaluation
employed
against
precise
chemiluminescence
immunoassay
approach.
coefficient
between
two
methods
0.9992,
which
demonstrated
results
statistically
same.
Drug and Chemical Toxicology,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown, С. 1 - 16
Опубликована: Авг. 30, 2024
Valproic
acid
(VPA)
is
a
broad-spectrum
drug
that
now
widely
used
as
an
antiepileptic.
Although
VPA
has
positive
therapeutic
effects,
it
also
causes
various
toxic
effects
in
tissues.
Curcumin,
natural
antioxidant
found
ginger,
antibacterial
and
antiinflammatory
activity.
In
this
study,
the
of
on
brain,
kidney,
liver
tissues
protective
activity
curcumin
against
these
were
investigated.
male
Wistar-Albino
rats
used.
Rats
divided
into
4
groups
control,
VPA,
CUR,
CUR
+
VPA.
administered
intraperitoneal
intragastrically.
MDA,
SOD,
IL-6,
IL-18
levels
measured
by
ELISA
method
rats.
It
was
observed
triggered
oxidative
stress
inflammation
tissues,
while
administration
positively
regulated
parameters.
Studies
showed
increased
expressions
TNF-α
NF-kB
but
downregulated
The
findings
revealed
protects
preventing
caused
may
be
important
agent
reducing
side
Cells,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
13(16), С. 1349 - 1349
Опубликована: Авг. 14, 2024
Autism
spectrum
disorder
(ASD)
is
a
multifactorial
neurodevelopmental
condition
with
several
identified
risk
factors,
both
genetic
and
non-genetic.
Among
these,
prenatal
exposure
to
valproic
acid
(VPA)
has
been
extensively
associated
the
development
of
disorder.
The
zebrafish,
cost-
time-effective
model,
useful
for
studying
ASD
features.
Using
validated
VPA-induced
zebrafish
models,
we
aimed
provide
new
insights
into
VPA
effects
during
embryonic
identify
potential
biomarkers
ASD-like
Dose-response
analyses
were
performed
in
vivo
study
larval
phenotypes
mechanisms
underlying
neuroinflammation,
mitochondrial
dysfunction,
oxidative
stress,
microglial
cell
status,
motor
behaviour.
Wild-type
transgenic
International Journal of Pharmaceutics,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
664, С. 124631 - 124631
Опубликована: Авг. 29, 2024
Epilepsy
is
a
highly
prevalent
neurological
disease
and
valproic
acid
(VPA)
used
as
first-line
chronic
treatment.
However,
this
drug
has
poor
oral
bioavailability,
which
requires
the
administration
of
high
doses,
resulting
in
adverse
effects.
Alternative
routes
VPA
have
therefore
been
investigated,
such
nose-to-brain
route,
allows
to
be
transported
directly
from
nasal
cavity
brain.
Here,
use
nanostructured
lipid
carriers
(NLC)
encapsulate
drugs
administered
proved
advantageous.
The
aim
work
was
optimise
mucoadhesive
formulation
VPA-loaded
NLC
for
intranasal
improve
treatment
epilepsy.
Design
Experiment
(DoE)
formulation,
starting
with
component
optimisation
using
Mixture
(MD),
followed
by
manufacturing
process
parameters
Central
Composite
(CCD).
optimised
had
particle
size
76.1
±
2.8
nm,
polydispersity
index
0.190
0.027,
zeta
potential
28.1
2.0
mV
an
encapsulation
efficiency
85.4
0.8%.
vitro
release
study
showed
50
%
after
6
h
100
24
h.
biocompatibility
experiments
various
cell
lines
shown
that
safe
up
75
µg/mL,
neuronal
(SH-SY5Y),
(RPMI
2650)
hepatic
(HepG2)
cells.
Finally,
interaction
mucus
investigated
properties
were
observed.
results
suggest
may
promising
alternative
promote
targeting
brain,
thereby
improving
bioavailability
minimising
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
25(20), С. 11111 - 11111
Опубликована: Окт. 16, 2024
Neuropathic
pain
(NeP)
is
a
complex
and
debilitating
condition
that
impacts
millions
of
people
globally.
Although
various
treatment
options
exist,
their
effectiveness
often
limited,
they
can
be
accompanied
by
significant
side
effects.
In
recent
years,
there
has
been
increasing
interest
in
targeting
the
N-methyl-D-aspartate
receptor
(NMDAR)
as
potential
therapeutic
approach
to
alleviate
different
types
neuropathic
pain.
This
narrative
review
aims
provide
comprehensive
examination
NMDAR
antagonists,
specifically
ketamine,
memantine,
methadone,
amantadine,
carbamazepine,
valproic
acid,
phenytoin,
dextromethorphan,
riluzole,
levorphanol,
management
NeP.
By
analyzing
summarizing
current
preclinical
clinical
studies,
this
seeks
evaluate
efficacy
these
pharmacologic
agents
providing
adequate
relief
for
Cells,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
14(2), С. 109 - 109
Опубликована: Янв. 13, 2025
Autism
spectrum
disorder
(ASD)
is
a
neurodevelopmental
characterized
by
deficits
in
social
skills
and
the
presence
of
repetitive
restricted
behaviors
interests.
The
behavior
zebrafish
(Danio
rerio)
makes
this
organism
valuable
tool
for
modeling
ASD
order
to
explore
impairment
typical
disorder.
In
addition
transgenic
models,
exposure
embryos
valproic
acid
(VPA)
has
been
found
produce
ASD-like
symptoms.
This
review
first
sets
out
examine
existing
literature
on
adult
VPA-induced
model
autism,
authors
also
aim
identify
ideal
VPA
dosage
able
induce
persistent
long-lasting
phenotype
while
minimizing
suffering
distress
research
animals
compliance
with
principles
replacement,
refinement,
reduction
(3Rs).
