Mechanisms underlying insect freeze tolerance

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 93(4), С. 1891 - 1914

Опубликована: Май 10, 2018

ABSTRACT Freeze tolerance – the ability to survive internal ice formation has evolved repeatedly in insects, facilitating survival environments with low temperatures and/or high risk of freezing. Surviving poses several challenges because freezing can cause cellular dehydration and mechanical damage, restricts opportunity metabolise respond environmental challenges. While freeze‐tolerant insects accumulate many potentially protective molecules, there is no apparent ‘magic bullet’ a molecule or class molecules that appears be necessary sufficient support this cold‐tolerance strategy. In addition, mechanisms underlying freeze have been minimally explored. Herein, we frame as process: must withstand associated cooling (low temperatures), (internal formation), thawing. To do so, hypothesise control quality quantity ice, prevent repair damage cells macromolecules, manage biochemical processes while frozen/thawing, restore physiological post‐thaw. Many facilitate are also accumulated by other cold‐ desiccation‐tolerant insects. We suggest that, when offered advantage, were already adapted desiccation, could small amounts formation. Although complex strategy multiple times, process‐focused approach (in combination appropriate techniques model organisms) will hypothesis‐driven research understand better how

Язык: Английский

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Climate change‐mediated temperature extremes and insects: From outbreaks to breakdowns

Global Change Biology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 26(12), С. 6685 - 6701

Опубликована: Окт. 2, 2020

Abstract Insects are among the most diverse and widespread animals across biosphere well‐known for their contributions to ecosystem functioning services. Recent increases in frequency magnitude of climatic extremes (CE), particular temperature (TE) owing anthropogenic climate change, exposing insect populations communities unprecedented stresses. However, a major problem understanding responses TE is that they still highly unpredictable both spatially temporally, which reduces frequency‐ or direction‐dependent selective by insects. Moreover, how species interactions community structure may change response stresses imposed poorly understood. Here we provide an overview terrestrial insects respond integrating organismal physiology, multitrophic, community‐level interactions, building up explore scenarios population explosions crashes have ecosystem‐level consequences. We argue can push herbivores natural enemies even beyond adaptive limits, differ intimately involved trophic leading phenological disruptions structural reorganization food webs. ultimately lead outbreak–breakdown cycles with detrimental consequences resilience. Lastly, suggest new research lines will help achieve better wide range CE.

Язык: Английский

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The many roles of fats in overwintering insects

Journal of Experimental Biology, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 221(Suppl_1)

Опубликована: Март 7, 2018

ABSTRACT Temperate, polar and alpine insects generally do not feed over winter hence must manage their energy stores to fuel metabolism meet the energetic demands of development reproduction in spring. In this Review, we give an overview accumulation, use conservation fat reserves overwintering discuss ways modify fats facilitate selective consumption or conservation. Many are diapause have depressed metabolic rates winter; together with low temperatures, means that lipid likely be consumed predominantly autumn spring, when temperatures higher but remain dormant. Although there is ample evidence for a shift towards less-saturated lipids insects, switches between carbohydrate during been well-explored. Insects usually accumulate cryoprotectants winter, resulting increase haemolymph viscosity reduce transport. For freeze-tolerant (which withstand internal ice), speculate impaired oxygen delivery limits oxidation frozen. Acetylated triacylglycerols liquid at interact water molecules, providing intriguing possibilities role cryoprotection. Similarly, antifreeze glycolipids may play important structuring ice overwintering. We also touch on uncertain non-esterified fatty acids insect conclusion, component energetics, many uncertainties ripe detailed exploration.

Язык: Английский

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Genomic Analyses Reveal Demographic History and Temperate Adaptation of the Newly Discovered Honey Bee SubspeciesApis mellifera sinisxinyuann. ssp

Molecular Biology and Evolution, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 33(5), С. 1337 - 1348

Опубликована: Янв. 27, 2016

Studying the genetic signatures of climate-driven selection can produce insights into local adaptation and potential impacts climate change on populations. The honey bee (Apis mellifera) is an interesting species to study because it originated in tropical/subtropical climatic regions subsequently spread temperate regions. However, little known about basis its climates. Here, we resequenced whole genomes ten individual bees from a newly discovered population China downloaded data 35 individuals other We found that new undescribed subspecies M-lineage A. mellifera sinisxinyuan). Analyses history show long-term global temperature has strongly influenced demographic m. sinisxinyuan divergence subspecies. Further analyses comparing tropical populations identified several candidate genes related fat body Hippo signaling pathway are potentially involved Our results provide sinisxinyuan, as well climates at genomic level. These findings will facilitate selective breeding improve survival overwintering colonies.

Язык: Английский

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Adult plasticity of cold tolerance in a continental-temperate population of Drosophila suzukii

Journal of Insect Physiology, Год журнала: 2015, Номер 79, С. 1 - 9

Опубликована: Май 15, 2015

Язык: Английский

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Reproductive arrest and stress resistance in winter-acclimated Drosophila suzukii

Journal of Insect Physiology, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 89, С. 37 - 51

Опубликована: Апрель 2, 2016

Язык: Английский

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Evolutionary impacts of winter climate change on insects

Current Opinion in Insect Science, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 41, С. 54 - 62

Опубликована: Июнь 17, 2020

Язык: Английский

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Resource allocation and compensation during development in holometabolous insects

Journal of Insect Physiology, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 95, С. 78 - 88

Опубликована: Сен. 18, 2016

Язык: Английский

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Non‐genetic diversity modulates population performance

Molecular Systems Biology, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 12(12)

Опубликована: Дек. 1, 2016

Abstract Biological functions are typically performed by groups of cells that express predominantly the same genes, yet display a continuum phenotypes. While it is known how one genotype can generate such non‐genetic diversity, remains unclear different phenotypes contribute to performance biological function at population level. We developed microfluidic device simultaneously measure phenotype and chemotactic tens thousands individual, freely swimming Escherichia coli as they climbed gradient attractant. discovered spatial structure spontaneously emerged from initially well‐mixed wild‐type populations due diversity. By manipulating expression key chemotaxis proteins, we established causal relationship between protein expression, was theoretically predicted. This approach generated complete phenotype‐to‐performance map, in which found nonlinear regime. used this map demonstrate changing shape phenotypic distribution have large an effect on collective mean phenotype, suggesting selection could act both during process adaptation.

Язык: Английский

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Nine Maxims for the Ecology of Cold-Climate Winters

BioScience, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 71(8), С. 820 - 830

Опубликована: Фев. 22, 2021

Abstract Frozen winters define life at high latitudes and altitudes. However, recent, rapid changes in winter conditions have highlighted our relatively poor understanding of ecosystem function relative to other seasons. Winter ecological processes can affect reproduction, growth, survival, fitness, whereas that occur during seasons, such as summer production, mediate how organisms fare winter. As interest grows ecology, there is a need clearly provide thought-provoking framework for defining the pathways through which it affects organisms. In present article, we nine maxims (concise expressions fundamentally held principle or truth) drawing from perspectives scientists with diverse expertise. We describe being frozen, cold, dark, snowy, less productive, variable, deadly. Therefore, implications impacts on wildlife are striking resource managers conservation practitioners. Our final, overarching maxim, “winter changing,” call action address immediate study rapidly changing winters.

Язык: Английский

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