Comparing COVID-19 vaccines for their characteristics, efficacy and effectiveness against SARS-CoV-2 and variants of concern: a narrative review

Clinical Microbiology and Infection, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 28(2), С. 202 - 221

Опубликована: Окт. 27, 2021

Язык: Английский

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Neutralizing antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 Delta and Omicron variants following heterologous CoronaVac plus BNT162b2 booster vaccination

Nature Medicine, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 28(3), С. 481 - 485

Опубликована: Янв. 20, 2022

The recent emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant is raising concerns because its increased transmissibility and numerous spike mutations, which have potential to evade neutralizing antibodies elicited by COVID-19 vaccines. Here we evaluated effects a heterologous BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine booster on humoral immunity participants who had received two-dose regimen CoronaVac, an inactivated used globally. We found that CoronaVac prime vaccination two doses followed induces elevated virus-specific antibody levels potent neutralization activity against ancestral virus Delta variant, resembling titers obtained after Although was undetectable in resulted 1.4-fold increase compared with vaccine. Despite this increase, were reduced 7.1-fold 3.6-fold for strain respectively. These findings immediate implications multiple countries previously reinforce idea associated immune escape from vaccines or infection-induced immunity, highlighting global need boosters combat impact emerging variants.

Язык: Английский

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SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections in vaccinated individuals: measurement, causes and impact

Nature reviews. Immunology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 22(1), С. 57 - 65

Опубликована: Дек. 7, 2021

Язык: Английский

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SARS-CoV-2 Variants, Vaccines, and Host Immunity

Frontiers in Immunology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 12

Опубликована: Янв. 3, 2022

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a new beta that emerged at the end of 2019 in Hubei province China. SARS-CoV-2 causes disease (COVID-19) and was declared pandemic by World Health Organization (WHO) on 11 March 2020. Herd or community immunity has been proposed as strategy to protect vulnerable, can be established through from past infection vaccination. Whether results development reservoir resilient memory cells under investigation. Vaccines have developed an unprecedented rate 7 408 870 760 vaccine doses administered worldwide. Recently variants are more transmissible with reduced sensitivity immune mechanisms. This due presence amino acid substitutions spike protein, which confer selective advantage. The emergence therefore poses risk for effectiveness long-term immunity, it crucial determine vaccines against currently circulating variants. Here we review both SARS-CoV-2-induced host activation vaccine-induced responses, highlighting responses key indicators immunity. We further discuss how emerge concern (VOC), particular focus implications effectiveness. Finally, describe antibody treatments future approaches will important navigate COVID-19 pandemic.

Язык: Английский

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Risk of infection, hospitalisation, and death up to 9 months after a second dose of COVID-19 vaccine: a retrospective, total population cohort study in Sweden

The Lancet, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 399(10327), С. 814 - 823

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2022

Язык: Английский

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A Global Map of COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance Rates per Country: An Updated Concise Narrative Review

Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare, Год журнала: 2022, Номер Volume 15, С. 21 - 45

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2022

Abstract: The delay or refusal of vaccination, which defines vaccine hesitancy, is a major challenge to successful control COVID-19 epidemic. huge number publications addressing hesitancy necessitates periodic review provide concise summary acceptance rates worldwide. In the current narrative review, data on were retrieved from surveys in 114 countries/territories. East and Southern Africa (n = 9), highest rate was reported Ethiopia (92%), while lowest Zimbabwe (50%). West/Central 13), Niger (93%), Cameroon (15%). Asia Pacific 16), Nepal Vietnam (97%), Hong Kong (42%). Eastern Europe/Central 7), Montenegro (69%) Kazakhstan (64%), Russia (30%). Latin America Caribbean 20), Mexico (88%), Haiti (43%). Middle East/North (MENA, n 22), Tunisia Iraq (13%). Western/Central Europe North 27), Canada (91%) Norway (89%), Cyprus Portugal (35%). ≥ 60% seen 72/114 countries/territories, compared 42 countries/territories with between 13% 59%. phenomenon appeared more pronounced MENA, Central Asia, Africa. More studies are recommended Africa, address intentions general public get vaccination. Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, hesitance, resistance, rejection, willingness vaccinate, intention vaccinate

Язык: Английский

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Long-term effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines against infections, hospitalisations, and mortality in adults: findings from a rapid living systematic evidence synthesis and meta-analysis up to December, 2022

The Lancet Respiratory Medicine, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 11(5), С. 439 - 452

Опубликована: Фев. 11, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Gut microbiota composition is associated with SARS-CoV-2 vaccine immunogenicity and adverse events

Gut, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 71(6), С. 1106 - 1116

Опубликована: Фев. 9, 2022

Objective The gut microbiota plays a key role in modulating host immune response. We conducted prospective, observational study to examine composition association with responses and adverse events adults who have received the inactivated vaccine (CoronaVac; Sinovac) or mRNA (BNT162b2; BioNTech; Comirnaty). Design performed shotgun metagenomic sequencing stool samples of 138 COVID-19 vaccinees (37 CoronaVac 101 BNT162b2 vaccinees) collected at baseline 1 month after second dose vaccination. Immune markers were measured by SARS-CoV-2 surrogate virus neutralisation test spike receptor-binding domain IgG ELISA. Results found significantly lower response recipients than vaccines (p<0.05). Bifidobacterium adolescentis was persistently higher subjects high neutralising antibodies (p=0.023) their microbiome enriched pathways related carbohydrate metabolism (linear discriminant analysis (LDA) scores >2 p<0.05). Neutralising showed positive correlation total abundance bacteria flagella fimbriae including Roseburia faecis (p=0.028). Prevotella copri two Megamonas species individuals fewer following either indicating that these may play an anti-inflammatory (LDA scores>3 Conclusion Our has identified specific improved reduced vaccines. Microbiota-targeted interventions potential complement effectiveness

Язык: Английский

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SARS-CoV-2 Mutations and Their Impact on Diagnostics, Therapeutics and Vaccines

Frontiers in Medicine, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 9

Опубликована: Фев. 22, 2022

With the high rate of COVID-19 infections worldwide, emergence SARS-CoV-2 variants was inevitable. Several mutations have been identified in genome, with spike protein as one mutational hot spots. Specific amino acid substitutions such D614G and N501Y were found to alter transmissibility virulence virus. The WHO has classified fitness-enhancing concern (VOC), interest (VOI) or under monitoring (VUM). VOCs pose an imminent threat they exhibit higher transmissibility, disease severity ability evade vaccine-induced natural immunity. Here we review landscape on structural non-structural proteins their impact diagnostics, therapeutics vaccines. We also look at effectiveness approved vaccines, antibody therapy convalescent plasma currently prevalent VOCs, which are B.1.17, B.1.351, P.1, B.1.617.2 B.1.1.529. further discuss possible factors influencing mutation rates future directions.

Язык: Английский

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COVID vaccine immunity is waning — how much does that matter?

Nature, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 597(7878), С. 606 - 607

Опубликована: Сен. 17, 2021

Язык: Английский

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