Inhaled drug delivery for the targeted treatment of asthma

Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 198, С. 114858 - 114858

Опубликована: Май 12, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Rebound in asthma exacerbations following relaxation of COVID-19 restrictions: a longitudinal population-based study (COVIDENCE UK)

Thorax, Год журнала: 2022, Номер unknown, С. thorax - 219591

Опубликована: Ноя. 23, 2022

Background The imposition of restrictions on social mixing early in the COVID-19 pandemic was followed by a reduction asthma exacerbations multiple settings internationally. Temporal trends mixing, incident acute respiratory infections (ARI) and following relaxation have not yet been described. Methods We conducted population-based longitudinal study 2312 UK adults with between November 2020 April 2022. Details face covering use, ARI severe were collected via monthly online questionnaires. changes these parameters visualised using Poisson generalised additive models. Multilevel logistic regression used to test for associations risk exacerbations, adjusting potential confounders. Results Relaxation from 2021 coincided reduced use (p<0.001), increased frequency indoor visits public places other households (p<0.001) rising incidence non-COVID-19 (p=0.007). Incident associated independently exacerbation (adjusted OR 5.75, 95% CI 4.75 6.97) as did COVID-19, both prior emergence omicron variant SARS-CoV-2 (5.89, 3.45 10.04) subsequently (5.69, 3.89 8.31). Conclusions decreased rebound exacerbations. Associations similar before after variant. Study registration number NCT04330599 .

Язык: Английский

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Update on virus-induced asthma exacerbations

Expert Review of Clinical Immunology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 19(10), С. 1259 - 1272

Опубликована: Июль 20, 2023

Viral infections are common triggers for asthma exacerbation. Subjects with more susceptible to viral and develop severe or long-lasting lower respiratory tract symptoms than healthy individuals owing impaired immune responses. Of the many viruses associated exacerbation, rhinovirus (RV) is most frequently identified virus in both adults children.We reviewed epidemiological clinical links mechanistic studies on virus-associated exacerbations. We included sections acute syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2), latest evidence of disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients, past future searches therapeutic prevention targets.Early treatment might significantly reduce rate which one key points management. Although it hypothetically possible nowadays interfere every step infectious cycle viruses, vaccination development has provided some encouraging results. Future research should proceed toward a wider spectrum vaccines achieve better quality life patients economic burden healthcare system.

Язык: Английский

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Patterns and trends in asthma incidence rates in main Asian and Western countries and their prediction to 2030

Chinese Medical Journal - Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 2(3), С. 188 - 196

Опубликована: Сен. 1, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Home monitoring with connected mobile devices for asthma attack prediction with machine learning

Scientific Data, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 10(1)

Опубликована: Июнь 8, 2023

Monitoring asthma is essential for self-management. However, traditional monitoring methods require high levels of active engagement, and some patients may find this tedious. Passive with mobile-health devices, especially when combined machine-learning, provides an avenue to reduce management burden. Data developing machine-learning algorithms are scarce, gathering new data expensive. A few datasets, such as the Asthma Mobile Health Study, publicly available, but they only consist self-reported diaries lack any objective passively collected data. To fill gap, we carried out a 2-phase, 7-month AAMOS-00 observational study monitor using three smart-monitoring devices (smart-peak-flow-meter/smart-inhaler/smartwatch), daily symptom questionnaires. Combined localised weather, pollen, air-quality reports, rich longitudinal dataset explore feasibility passive attack prediction. This valuable anonymised phase-2 (device monitoring) has been made available. Between June-2021 June-2022, in midst UK's COVID-19 lockdowns, 22 participants across UK provided 2,054 unique patient-days

Язык: Английский

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Therapeutic relevance of eosinophilic inflammation and airway viral interactions in severe asthma

Allergy, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 79(10), С. 2589 - 2604

Опубликована: Авг. 1, 2024

The role of eosinophils in airway inflammation and asthma pathogenesis is well established, with raised eosinophil counts blood sputum associated increased disease severity risk exacerbation. Conversely, there also preliminary evidence suggesting antiviral properties the airways. These dual roles for are particularly pertinent as respiratory virus infections contribute to exacerbations. Biologic therapies targeting key molecules implicated eosinophil-associated pathologies have been approved patients severe and, therefore, effects depleting a clinical setting considerable interest. This review discusses pathological We highlight significant reduction exacerbations seen biologic therapies, even at height season. Furthermore, we discuss implications these findings relation responses infection asthma.

Язык: Английский

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Direct Health Care Costs Associated with Asthma Hospitalizations Before and During the Covid-19 Pandemic in the United States: A Nationwide Inpatient Sample Analysis.

medRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 10, 2025

Abstract Background Asthma, a chronic inflammatory airway disorder, can increase the risk of hospitalizations in individuals with viral infections such as COVID-19. The impact COVID-19 pandemic on asthma-related United States remains unknown. Objective We hypothesized that led to an economic burden society and decrease hospitalization rates for asthma. Methods analyzed weighted data from National Inpatient Sample (NIS) between January 1, 2018, December 31, 2020. outcomes were asthma rates, length stay (LOS), in-hospital mortality hospital admission costs. Results More people admitted primary diagnosis 2018 2019 compared 2020 (hospitalization rate per 100,000: 2018: 38.6 versus (vs) 2019:37.0 vs 2020: 21.4; P <0.001). Hospital costs increased (2018: median [IQR] 5,251 [ 3,426, 8,278]; 2019:5,677 [3,725, 8.969]; 5,881 [3,920-9,216]; Additionally, in-patient slightly 2020, rising 0.44%, 0.20% 0.30% (P When comparing geographic divisions, mid-Atlantic division had highest Pacific 2018-2020 <0.05). Conclusion Asthma decreased previous years. Those during higher significantly This investigation provides valuable insights policy makers about shifts healthcare utilization pandemic.

Язык: Английский

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Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and COVID-19 downgrade on non-COVID-19 respiratory diseases in Japan

Public Health, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 243, С. 105719 - 105719

Опубликована: Апрель 14, 2025

A worldwide decrease in the incidence of respiratory diseases during coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has been reported, largely due to non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs). However, impact lifting NPIs remains unclear. In Japan, were lifted rather drastically when COVID-19 was downgraded on May 8, 2023. This study aimed evaluate and its downgrade non-COVID-19 using nationwide databases. Retrospective cohort study. Monthly hospitalisation prescription rates between January 2017 October 2023 collected from JMDC insurance claims database covering 16,485,812 insured individuals. The monthly mortality Japan an open data source published by Ministry Health, Labour Welfare Japan. Interrupted time series analyses seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average models performed. While for such as pneumonia, asthma, aspiration pneumonia decreased pandemic, a step increase hospitalisations these prescriptions anti-asthma drugs observed following downgrade. impacted all age groups; however, more pronounced children aged 0-5 years. Although no immediate increased immediately after downgrading COVID-19, presumably because older people less affected than children.

Язык: Английский

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Between-Visit Asthma Symptom Monitoring With a Scalable Digital Intervention

JAMA Network Open, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 8(4), С. e256219 - e256219

Опубликована: Апрель 23, 2025

Importance Asthma affects an estimated 7.7% of the US population and 262 million people worldwide. Symptom monitoring has demonstrated benefits but not achieved widespread use. Objective To assess effect a scalable asthma symptom intervention on outcomes. Design, Setting, Participants This randomized clinical trial was conducted between July 2020 March 2023 at 7 primary care clinics affiliated with academic medical center (Brigham Women’s Hospital in Boston, Massachusetts). Candidate patients diagnosis over 20-month recruitment period (July to 2022) were identified categorized into tiers varying disease activity based electronic health record data. Eligible adults (aged ≥18 years) had practitioner 1 participating clinics. Intervention group asked use mobile app complete weekly questionnaires; track notes, peak flows, triggers; view educational information. Patients who reported worsening or severe symptoms offered callback requests. App data available record. Usual received general guidance. Main Outcomes Measures The outcome mean change Mini Quality Life Questionnaire (MiniAQLQ) score for intended 12-month study period. A 0.5 scale considered minimally important change. secondary number asthma-related utilization events (urgent visits, emergency department hospitalizations). Mean differences all outcomes groups compared using robust linear regression models (generalized estimating equations) treatment as only covariate. Results Baseline questionnaires completed by 413 (mean [SD] age, 52.2 [15.4] years; 321 women [77.7%]). Of these, 366 final included analysis. MiniAQLQ scores increased 0.34 (95% CI, 0.19-0.49) 0.11 −0.11 0.33) usual from baseline questionnaire completion (adjusted difference-in-difference, 0.23 [95% 0.06-0.40]; P = .01); although difference statistically significant, it did reach threshold subgroups showed positive relative group, noteworthy increases among individuals aged 18 44 years 0.40 0.13-0.66]), those low patient activation 0.77 0.30-1.24]), 0.33 0.07-0.59]), uncontrolled 0.30 0.05-0.54]). 0.59 0.42-0.77) nonroutine 0.76 0.55-0.96) size, −0.16 −0.42 0.17]; .23). Conclusions Relevance In this intervention, increase quality life Exploratory analyses suggest possible levels activation. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04401332

Язык: Английский

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Seasonal variation of pediatric asthma exacerbations and its association with asthma phenotypes

Pediatric Research, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Май 7, 2025

Abstract Background The objective of this study was to examine the associations blood inflammatory phenotypes with acute pediatric asthma exacerbations during different seasons and COVID-19 pandemic. Methods A retrospective conducted involving 32,160 patients from January 2008 December 2021. Asthma were categorized based on low (L) high (H) eosinophils (E) neutrophils (N) (LBE/HBE: ≥ 0.25 × 10 9 /L LBN/HBN: 5 /L, respectively) logistic regression used odds ratio (OR) outcome variables. Results increase associated a 1.015-fold (95% CI: 1.009–1.021) 1.057-fold in OR 1.026–1.088) for hospitalized patients. An HBE/LBN phenotype respective 1.232-fold 1.081–1.404) 1.248-fold 1.101–1.414) before pandemic winter autumn seasons. However, an LBE/LBN 0.873-fold 0.769–0.991), 0.872-fold 0.771–0.986), 0.813-fold 0.709–0.932) decrease winter, spring summer Conclusions had higher risk among autumn, while lower spring, summer. Impact Blood have been indicated potential influence development severity. increased autumn. Eosinophil neutrophil predominance exhibited exacerbations.

Язык: Английский

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