Viral Immunology,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
37(2), С. 61 - 78
Опубликована: Фев. 5, 2024
COVID-19,
caused
by
the
SARS-CoV-2
virus,
can
have
neurological
effects,
including
cognitive
symptoms
like
brain
fog
and
memory
problems.
Research
on
effects
of
COVID-19
is
ongoing,
factors
such
as
inflammation,
disrupted
blood
flow,
damage
to
vessels
may
contribute
symptoms.
Notably,
some
authors
existing
evidence
suggest
that
virus
enter
central
nervous
system
through
different
routes,
olfactory
nerve
bloodstream.
infection
has
been
associated
with
altered
consciousness,
headaches,
dizziness,
mental
disorders.
The
exact
mechanisms
impact
formation
shrinkage
are
still
being
studied.
This
review
will
focus
pathways
blood–brain
barrier
disruption,
it
then
highlight
interactions
cell
types
in
brain,
namely
neurons,
astrocytes,
oligodendrocytes,
microglia.
Life,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
14(2), С. 196 - 196
Опубликована: Янв. 30, 2024
Alzheimer’s
disease
(AD)
is
a
progressive
and
incurable
neurodegenerative
disorder
that
primarily
affects
persons
aged
65
years
above.
It
causes
dementia
with
memory
loss
deterioration
in
thinking
language
skills.
AD
characterized
by
specific
pathology
resulting
from
the
accumulation
brain
of
extracellular
plaques
amyloid-β
intracellular
tangles
phosphorylated
tau.
The
importance
mitochondrial
dysfunction
pathogenesis,
while
previously
underrecognized,
now
more
appreciated.
Mitochondria
are
an
essential
organelle
involved
cellular
bioenergetics
signaling
pathways.
Mitochondrial
processes
crucial
for
synaptic
activity
such
as
mitophagy,
trafficking,
fission,
fusion
dysregulated
brain.
Excess
fission
fragmentation
yield
mitochondria
low
energy
production.
Reduced
glucose
metabolism
also
observed
hypometabolic
state,
particularly
temporo-parietal
regions.
This
review
addresses
multiple
ways
which
abnormal
structure
function
contribute
to
AD.
Disruption
electron
transport
chain
ATP
production
neurotoxic
because
cells
have
disproportionately
high
demands.
In
addition,
oxidative
stress,
extremely
damaging
nerve
cells,
rises
dramatically
dyshomeostasis.
Restoring
health
may
be
viable
approach
treatment.
Cell Communication and Signaling,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
23(1)
Опубликована: Янв. 3, 2025
Oxidative
stress
and
neuroinflammation
are
recognized
as
key
factors
in
the
development
of
neurodegenerative
diseases,
yet
effective
interventions
biomarkers
to
address
oxidative
these
conditions
limited.
Uric
acid
(UA),
traditionally
associated
with
gout,
is
now
gaining
prominence
a
potential
target
diseases.
Soluble
UA
stands
out
one
most
vital
antioxidant
compounds
produced
by
human
body,
accounting
for
up
55%
extracellular
capacity
neutralize
free
radicals.
While
there
increasing
evidence
supporting
neuroprotective
properties
Parkinson's
disease
Alzheimer's
disease,
gaps
knowledge
still
exist
regarding
underlying
mechanisms
how
effectively
translate
benefits
into
clinical
practice.
Moreover,
current
elevation
therapy
exhibits
unstable
properties,
individual
variability,
even
adverse
effects,
limiting
its
applications.
This
review
consolidates
recent
advancements
understanding
exerts
effects
on
diseases
emphasizes
dual
roles
managing
neuroinflammation.
Additionally,
elucidates
through
which
confers
neuroprotection.
Based
this,
underscores
significance
biomarker
aims
provide
comprehensive
therapeutic
target,
while
also
addressing
possible
challenges
implementation.
Frontiers in Pharmacology,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
15
Опубликована: Фев. 6, 2024
The
global
prevalence
of
type
2
diabetes
mellitus
(T2DM)
and
Alzheimer’s
disease
(AD)
is
rapidly
increasing,
revealing
a
strong
association
between
these
two
diseases.
Currently,
there
are
no
curative
medication
available
for
the
comorbidity
T2DM
AD.
Ceramides
structural
components
cell
membrane
lipids
act
as
signal
molecules
regulating
homeostasis.
Their
synthesis
degradation
play
crucial
roles
in
maintaining
metabolic
balance
vivo
,
serving
important
mediators
development
neurodegenerative
disorders.
Abnormal
ceramide
metabolism
disrupts
intracellular
signaling,
induces
oxidative
stress,
activates
inflammatory
factors,
impacts
glucose
lipid
homeostasis
metabolism-related
tissues
like
liver,
skeletal
muscle,
adipose
tissue,
driving
occurrence
progression
T2DM.
connection
changes
levels
brain,
amyloid
β
accumulation,
tau
hyper-phosphorylation
evident.
Additionally,
regulates
survival
apoptosis
through
related
signaling
pathways,
actively
participating
Regulatory
enzymes,
their
metabolites,
pathways
impact
core
pathological
molecular
mechanisms
shared
by
AD,
such
insulin
resistance
response.
Consequently,
may
become
potential
therapeutic
target
intervention
paper
comprehensively
summarizes
discusses
role
its
metabolites
pathogenesis
well
latest
progress
treatment
with
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Фев. 24, 2025
Hyperglycemia
in
poorly
controlled
diabetes
is
widely
recognized
as
detrimental
to
organ
dysfunction.
However,
the
acute
effects
of
hyperglycemia
on
brain
metabolism
and
function
are
not
fully
understood.
The
potential
protective
benefit
ketone
bodies
mitochondrial
has
also
been
well
characterized.
Here,
we
evaluated
β-hydroxybutyrate
(BHB)
by
employing
a
novel
approach
leveraging
adenosine
triphosphate
(ATP)-dependence
bioluminescence
originating
from
luciferin-luciferase
activity.
Oxygen
consumption
rate
was
measured
ex
vivo
live
punches
further
evaluate
function.
Additionally,
investigated
functional
relevance
BHB
using
an
photothrombotic
stroke
model
assess
its
cerebroprotective
effects.
Our
data
demonstrate
that
mice
affected
exposure
high
glucose,
at
level
similar
consuming
food
or
beverage
with
sucrose.
This
short-term
effect
glucose
reduced
co-administration
body
BHB.
Moreover,
significantly
infarct
size
model,
providing
evidence
for
role
brain.
These
findings
suggest
may
effectively
mitigate
adverse
metabolic
stress
ischemic
events
Brain Sciences,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
15(3), С. 279 - 279
Опубликована: Март 6, 2025
The
blood–brain
barrier
(BBB)
comprises
distinct
cell
types,
including
endothelial
cells,
pericytes,
and
astrocytes,
is
essential
for
central
nervous
system
(CNS)
homeostasis
by
selectively
regulating
molecular
transport
maintaining
integrity.
In
particular,
astrocytes
are
BBB
function,
as
they
maintain
integrity
through
their
end-feet,
which
form
a
physical
biochemical
interface
that
enhances
function
selectivity.
Moreover,
secrete
growth
factors
like
vascular
factor
(VEGF)
transforming
factor-beta
(TGF-β),
regulate
tight
junction
(TJ)
proteins
(e.g.,
claudins
occludins)
crucial
limiting
paracellular
permeability.
Molecular
motors
kinesins,
dynein,
myosins
these
astrocyte
functions.
By
facilitating
vesicular
trafficking
protein
transport,
various
functions,
of
junctional
to
support
integrity,
the
proper
mitochondria
localization
within
processes
efficient
energy
supply,
polarized
distribution
aquaporin
(AQP)-4
at
end-feet
water
across
BBB,
modulation
neuroinflammatory
responses.
myosin
modulate
actomyosin
dynamics
process
outgrowth,
adhesion,
migration,
morphology,
functional
roles.
Thus,
motor
dysregulation
in
can
compromise
increasing
risk
neurodegeneration.
This
review
explores
complex
interplay
between
homeostasis,
represents
an
attractive
but
poorly
explored
area
research.
