Marine Pollution Bulletin, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 211, С. 117472 - 117472
Опубликована: Дек. 17, 2024
Язык: Английский
Environmental Science and Pollution Research, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown
Опубликована: Фев. 19, 2025
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
1
Energy & Fuels, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 38(22), С. 21735 - 21792
Опубликована: Ноя. 1, 2024
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are formed invariably through oxidative and pyrolytic degradation of organic materials fuels. Understanding the highly complex reaction mechanisms that dictate their synthesis in thermal systems has been given a great deal focus. Such interest stems from two broad perspectives, namely, enhancing efficiency combustion system, energy recovery fuels protecting environment. Health environmental effects widely vary among PAHs where certain compounds exhibit carcinogenic tendencies. This critical review mainly aims to provide general mechanistic view commonly discussed formation pathways PAHs. The attained knowledge often incorporates experimental measurements kinetic modelings, as well mapped out by quantum chemical calculations. A sampling species is typically conducted via molecular beam (MB)–mass spectroscopy (MS) technique connected reactor (flow reactor, jet-stirred or shock tube). Generally, PAH precursors encompass four categories (radicals molecules): acetylenic compounds, alkyl radicals, phenyl resonance-stabilized cyclic radicals. Overall, relevance mechanism depends on consistency between proposed model pathways, profiles products at investigated conditions (i.e., temperatures, pressures, distance burners). effect seeding common precursors, with other explored surveying pertinent studies. Growth higher PAHs, including toxic pyrene, most likely involves hydrogen abstraction acetylene addition (HACA)-like starting anthracene bimolecular reactions involve benzyl radicals indene molecules. synergistic collaboration different suggested account for observed fast growth rate As experimentally shown, sequential mass 15 u, 24 26 74 indicate routes MAC, HACA, HAVA*, PAC routes, respectively. Whether physical process initial step conversion into soot (the inception step) still debated literature. Recent evidence underscores commence creating dimers clustering under real flame 400–1200 K). Formation synthetic natural polymers ensues condensation fragments structural arrangements polymeric entities, prior fragmentation. surveyed presented this will be useful readers who aim comprehend chemistry underlying systems.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
4
Environmental Research, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 120907 - 120907
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
0
The Science of The Total Environment, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 972, С. 179123 - 179123
Опубликована: Март 14, 2025
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
0
Environmental Forensics, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown, С. 1 - 23
Опубликована: Июль 8, 2024
Polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a group of organic pollutants found commonly in aquatic systems around the world. They composed multiple aromatic rings fused together, Naphthalene being lowest member. In this paper, we review all available data on occurrence and trends PAHs environment. fairly soluble water, so they tend to sorb onto particulate matter readily deposited sediments, therefore their environment has caused widespread concern. Several were be directly carcinogenic mammals even trace amounts. Both pyrogenic petrogenic processes produce PAHs. The Pyrogenic result from incomplete combustion such as grass, coal, wood, natural gas, petroleum, whereas derived crude oil its derivatives including lubricating oil, asphalt, gasoline, diesel etc. This paper is source, fate, transport, degradation environments, also discusses toxicity, analytical methods comparison different systems.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
2
Environmental Geochemistry and Health, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 46(12)
Опубликована: Ноя. 7, 2024
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
2
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 284, С. 117012 - 117012
Опубликована: Сен. 6, 2024
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
1
Journal of Lake Sciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 36(5), С. 1366 - 1379
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
1
The Science of The Total Environment, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 951, С. 175608 - 175608
Опубликована: Авг. 22, 2024
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
0
Water Air & Soil Pollution, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 235(12)
Опубликована: Окт. 31, 2024
Abstract This paper is focused on an overview of developments and validation procedures in analytical methods for the detection quantification emerging contaminants from multiple groups environmental environment: polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), phthalate esters (PEs), alkylphenol ethoxylates (APEOs), alkylphenols (APs), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) river sediments. Especially, simultaneous extraction several analyte sediment samples currently uncommon, but perspective green chemistry, it highly desirable. In analysis, substances are determined at once instead through individual analyses, saving energy, time, chemicals while significantly increasing laboratory throughput. review reports different approaches monitoring presence four There plenty sampling techniques, with core grab being most employed present. Sample preparation a challenging part whole method, providing ample opportunity optimization accordance chemistry principles. Various schemes, including ultrasound-assisted accelerated solvent extraction, microwave-assisted energy-intensive techniques may be considered "green" due to their possibility reduce consumption organic solvents, which usually toxic. Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged Safe (QuEChERS) case satisfactory parameters well-evaluated utilized. The recent clean-up analysis two, three or showing promising results. Separation shortly discussed. Further optimizations methodologies needed, future field expected more efficient faster acquisition data real samples.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
0