Explosion power evaluation based on the energy absorption characteristics of expansion tube structure

International Journal of Impact Engineering, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 186, С. 104886 - 104886

Опубликована: Янв. 9, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Single Step Synthesis of gem-Dinitro Methyl-1,2,4-triazole and Its Hydroxylamine Salt: An Alternative to the FOX-7 and Other Benchmark Explosives

Organic Letters, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 26(22), С. 4788 - 4792

Опубликована: Май 29, 2024

gem-Dinitro methyl based high-energy-density material 5-(dinitromethylene)-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazole (2) and its hydroxylamine salt (4) were synthesized for the first time in a single step characterized. Further, structure of 2 was confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD) studies. Interestengly, both compounds show excellent density (> 1.83 g cm-3), detonation velocity 8700 m s–1), pressure 30 GPa) are insensitive toward mechanical stimuli such as impact friction sensitivity. Considering their synthetic fesibility balanced energetic performance, 4 future prospects potential next-generation materials replacenent many presently used benchmark high energy RDX, FOX-7 highly H-FOX.

Язык: Английский

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Fused Azo-Bridged Triazolo-Pyridazine-Derived Energetic Materials

Organic Letters, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Май 9, 2025

In this study, we synthesized a series of novel fused-ring azo-bridged compounds incorporating nitramine, azide, and hydrazine functional groups. The newly exhibited promising energetic properties, including good densities (1.71-1.76 g cm-3), detonation velocities (7203-8104 m s-1), controlled impact (2.5-40 J), friction sensitivities (120-360 N), the thermal stability ranged from 128 °C to 300 °C. Notably, compound 4 demonstrated exceptional (300 °C) as an heat-resistant explosive, while 7 emerged highly lead-free primary explosive with ultralow minimum primer charge just 40 mg.

Язык: Английский

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Construction of a series of insensitive energetic materials starting from the condensation reaction of 3-amino-4-cyanofurazan

Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 12(28), С. 17714 - 17729

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024

A library of energetic materials synthesized from 3-amino-4-cyanofurazan has been disclosed, in which compound 7 is a unique example an with fluorescence, opens the door for many new applications.

Язык: Английский

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Trailblazing 3D MOFs Featuring 1,2,4‐Dinitrimino Triazole: Redefining Energetic Materials and Iodine Encapsulation

Advanced Functional Materials, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Авг. 12, 2024

Abstract The quest for high‐performance energetic materials defense and aerospace has intensified, focusing on balancing energy output safety. This study presents the synthesis of 3D metal‐organic frameworks (EMOFs) [Na 3 (DNT)(H 2 O)] n ( Na‐MOF ), [K (DNT) (H K‐MOF [Cs (DNT)] Cs‐MOF ) using 1,2,4‐dinitrimino triazole through a hydrothermal process. synthesized EMOFs are characterized infrared spectroscopy, powder X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), elemental analysis, thermogravimetric analysis differential calorimetry, structures confirmed via single‐crystal revealing with crystal densities 2.15, 2.16, 2.86 g cm −3 , respectively. Among them, exhibits excellent detonation performance (VOD = 8900 m s −1 DP 26.21 GPa), high thermal stability (T d 369 °C), insensitivity to impact friction (IS 40 J, FS 360 N). displays balanced mechanical properties, while though moderate in performance, shows significant potential pyrotechnic applications, producing bright red flame. Intermolecular interactions analyzed Hirshfeld surface, 2D fingerprint, SEM analyses, enhancing understanding particle size morphology. also demonstrates iodine encapsulation capacity, positioning it as replacement traditional like RDX heat‐resistant explosives such HNS, comparability PYX.

Язык: Английский

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Elaborating NH-Bridged Nitrogen-Rich Energetic Materials via Base-Mediated Dimroth Rearrangement: Synthesis, Characterization, and Performance Study

The Journal of Organic Chemistry, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 89(11), С. 8192 - 8200

Опубликована: Май 23, 2024

The pursuit of heat-resistant energetic materials featuring high thermostability and energy has gained keen interest in recent years owing to their use coal mining aerospace domains. In this study, we synthesized 4-((4,6-diamino-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl) amino)-1

Язык: Английский

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Current Advances in Synthesis of Pyrazole Derivatives: An Approach Toward Energetic Materials

Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Окт. 2, 2024

ABSTRACT Pyrazole derivatives are strategic structural motifs due to their proven utility in preparing chemicals biological, pharmaceutical, photophysical, technological, and industrial fields; therefore, syntheses of pyrazole‐containing compounds highly desirable. Some nitrogen‐rich pyrazoles, specifically nitrated posing high density moderate thermal stability, have been used as energetic since a amount energy is stored structures that can be released quickly with detonation power under external stimuli (i.e., thermal, impact, friction). These good capacity sensitivity explosives, propellants, pyrotechnics applications eco‐friendly ways. Therefore, this contribution focuses on recent illustrative examples regarding the (i) synthesis reactivity especially works last decade, highlighting (ii) analyze scope.

Язык: Английский

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Exploring Green Pyrotechnic Formulations and Primary Explosives with 1,3,4‐Oxadiazole‐Based Micro and Submicron Energetic Coordination Polymers

Small, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 29, 2025

Abstract Alkali and alkaline‐earth metal incorporated 5,5′‐dinitramino‐3,3′‐azo‐1,3,4‐oxadiazole (H 2 DNAO) based Energetic Coordination Polymers (ECPs), namely dipotassium 5,5′‐dinitramino‐3,3′‐azo‐1,3,4‐oxadiazole(K DNAO), dicesium 5,5′‐dinitramino‐3,3′‐azo‐1,3,4‐oxadiazole(Cs barium 5,5′‐dinitramino‐3,3′‐azo‐1,3,4‐oxadiazole(BaDNAO) are synthesized for the first time. Synthesized ECPs thoroughly characterized using infrared spectroscopy (IR), elemental analysis (EA), thermogravimetric differential scanning calorimetry (TGA‐DSC), field emission electron microscopy (FE‐SEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), UV–vis spectroscopy. All also confirmed by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction technique (SC‐XRD). The micro‐ECPs exhibit excellent densities (1.98–2.80 g cm −3 ), insensitivities (IS: 25‐40 J; FS: 240‐360 N), good thermal stabilities ( T d : 182–212 °C). K DNAO Cs show detonation performance (VOD:7460‐7893 m s −1 ; DP: 27.5‐30.6 GPa), respectively. To further investigate sub‐micron‐energetics, three sub‐micron prepared from their micro counterparts ultrasonication method, demonstrating significant improvement in stability 194–221 °C) but highly sensitivity 2‐15J; 40‐360N). Burning tests of two experimental formulations demonstrate potential green pyrotechnic applications. Interestingly, submicron‐counterparts remarkable initiating capability. Considering ease synthesis, safety profile, these materials can be effectively transported microform rapidly converted into submicron‐form on demand, making them suitable

Язык: Английский

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Trinitromethyl- and Nitramino-Substituted Triazolo-Pyridazines: Synthesis and Energetic Performance

Chemical Communications, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025

We synthesized a series of ring-fused triazolo-pyridazine energetic compounds with trinitromethyl, nitramine, and hydrazine groups thoroughly characterised them using NMR, IR, mass spectrometry, TGA–DSC analysis.

Язык: Английский

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Skeletal Editing of Energetic Materials: Acid-Catalyzed One-Step Synthesis of Bridged Triazoles as High-Energy-Density Materials via the Nef Reaction

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 16(47), С. 64929 - 64939

Опубликована: Ноя. 13, 2024

Thermally stable insensitive energetic materials have captivated significant attention from the global research community due to their potential impact. In this study, a series of symmetric and asymmetric nitromethyl-bridged triazole compounds were synthesized pyrimidine moieties via skeletal editing approach. Additionally, carbonyl-bridged in single step by using acid-catalyzed Nef reactions nitromethyl precursors. Peripheral modifications resulted fused moieties. All fully characterized infrared spectroscopy, high-resolution mass spectrometry, multinuclear magnetic resonance elemental analysis, differential scanning calorimetry. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed structures 4 10. The newly exhibit densities ranging 1.75 1.86 g cm–3, detonation velocities between 8044 8608 m s–1, pressures 23.10 30.31 GPa. Notably, 9 10 demonstrate exceptional heat resistance, with decomposition temperatures 315 335 °C, respectively. Computational studies, including density functional theory, quantum theory atoms molecules, noncovalent interactions, electrostatic surface account for hydrogen-bonding interactions. This work highlights development high-performing, thermally materials.

Язык: Английский

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