Techno-economic assessment of thin lithium metal anodes for solid-state batteries

Nature Energy, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Дек. 11, 2024

Abstract Solid-state lithium metal batteries show substantial promise for overcoming theoretical limitations of Li-ion to enable gravimetric and volumetric energy densities upwards 500 Wh kg −1 1,000 l , respectively. While zero-lithium-excess configurations are particularly attractive, inhomogeneous plating on charge results in active loss a subsequent coulombic efficiency penalty. Excess is therefore currently needed; however, this negatively impacts density thus limiting its thickness essential. Here we discuss the viability various technologies realizing thin films that can be scaled up volumes required gigafactory production. We identify thermal evaporation as potentially cost-effective route address these challenges provide techno-economic assessment projected costs associated with fabrication thin, dense foils using process. Finally, estimate solid-state pack made thermally evaporated foils.

Язык: Английский

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Li Stripping Behavior of Anode‐Free Solid‐State Batteries Under Intermittent‐Current Discharge Conditions

Advanced Energy Materials, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 14(17)

Опубликована: Апрель 3, 2024

Abstract Anode‐free manufacturing holds promise to enable high energy densities and lower Lithium (Li)‐metal solid‐state batteries (LMSSBs). Nevertheless, in contrast thick Li foil (>50 µm), the stripping capacity of situ‐formed (10–30 µm) is limited due diminished creep flow, resulting reduced accessible capacity. This study explores correlation between surface roughness garnet 7 La 3 Zr 2 O 12 (LLZO) solid electrolyte. The results reveal that can be enhanced through modification electrolytes. Additionally, this scrutinizes behavior situ under intermittent‐current discharge conditions, which are more relevant operational conditions electric vehicles (EVs). It demonstrated that, when compared constant‐current stripping, effectively suppresses void formation enhances by 40%. considered intermittent current inhibits accumulation vacancies, thereby delaying formation. These findings provide valuable insights into development high‐performance anode‐free LMSSBs for EVs.

Язык: Английский

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Dual‐Seed Strategy for High‐Performance Anode‐Less All‐Solid‐State Batteries

Advanced Materials, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 36(47)

Опубликована: Окт. 10, 2024

Abstract Interest in all‐solid‐state batteries (ASSBs), particularly the anode‐less type, has grown alongside expansion of electric vehicle (EV) market, because they offer advantages terms their energy density and manufacturing cost. However, most ASSBs, anode is covered by a protective layer to ensure stable lithium (Li) deposition, thus requiring high temperatures adequate Li ion diffusion kinetics through layer. This study proposes dual‐seed consisting silver (Ag) zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles for sulfide‐based ASSBs. dual‐seed‐based not only facilitates via multiple lithiation pathways over wide range potentials, but also enhances mechanical stability interface situ formation Ag–Zn alloy with ductility. The capacity retention during full‐cell evaluation 80.8% 100 cycles when cycled at 1 mA cm −2 3 mAh room temperature. approach provides useful insights into design multi‐seed concepts which, from mechanochemical perspective, various lithiophilic materials synergistically impact upon interface.

Язык: Английский

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Filament-Induced Failure in Lithium-Reservoir-Free Solid-State Batteries

ACS Energy Letters, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 10(3), С. 1174 - 1182

Опубликована: Фев. 22, 2025

Lithium-reservoir-free solid-state batteries can fail due to electrical shorting as a result of fracture and lithium metal filament formation. Mechanical stress at the solid electrolyte surface induce fractures, which promote growth. This arises from both electrochemical sources, electrodeposition, mechanical such external stack pressure. Solid roughness applied pressure together affect development. study combines experiments, 3D synchrotron imaging, mesoscale modeling explore how influences failure mechanisms in free batteries. At low pressure, irregular plating resulting high local current density drive failure. higher uniform is favored; however, notch-like features experience tensile stress, leading fractures that cause premature short-circuiting.

Язык: Английский

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Interrelation Between External Pressure, SEI Structure, and Electrodeposit Morphology in an Anode‐Free Lithium Metal Battery

Advanced Energy Materials, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 14(5)

Опубликована: Ноя. 27, 2023

Abstract The interrelation is explored between external pressure (0.1, 1, and 10 MPa), solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) structure/morphology, lithium metal plating/stripping behavior. To simulate anode‐free batteries (AF‐LMBs) analysis performed on “empty” Cu current collectors in standard carbonate electrolyte. Lower promotes organic‐rich SEI macroscopically heterogeneous, filament‐like Li electrodeposits interspersed with pores. Higher inorganic F‐rich more uniform denser film. A “seeding layer” of lithiated pristine graphene (pG@Cu) favors an anion‐derived electrodeposition, enabling extended electrochemical stability at a lower pressure. State‐of‐the‐art performance achieved 1MPa: pG‐enabled half‐cell stable after 300 h (50 cycles) 1 mA cm −2 rate −3 mAh capacity (17.5 µm plated/stripped), cycling Coulombic efficiency (CE) 99.8%. AF‐LMB cells high mass loading NMC622 cathode (21 mg ) undergo 200 cycles CE 99.4% C/5‐charge C/2‐discharge (1C = 178 g −1 ). Density functional theory (DFT) highlights the differences adsorption energy solvated‐Li + onto various crystal planes (100), (110), (111), versus lithiated/delithiated (0001) graphene, giving insight regarding role support surface energetics promoting heterogeneity.

Язык: Английский

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