Computation,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
11(10), С. 190 - 190
Опубликована: Сен. 30, 2023
Polymerase
chain
reaction
(PCR)
technique
is
one
of
the
molecular
methods
in
amplifying
DNA
for
detection
malaria.
However,
collection
and
transportation
samples
processing
dissemination
results
via
conventional
PCR,
especially
when
used
routine
clinical
practice,
can
hamper
technique’s
sensitivity
specificity.
The
rampancy
such
disease
Philippines
aggravated
by
limited
supply
medical
machinery
poor
economic
state
country;
thus,
need
to
innovate
a
device
early
malaria
necessary.
With
that,
this
study
focuses
on
designing
microfluidic
that
will
mimic
function
genus-specific
PCR
based
18S
rRNA
gene
detect
parasites
(Plasmodium
falciparum)
at
low-grade
parasitemia.
design
was
intended
be
portable,
accessible,
economical,
which
none
from
past
literature
has
dealt
with
specifically
detection.
This
silico
first
country
specially
crafted
reasons.
proposed
developed
simulated
using
ANSYS
software
Computational
Fluid
Dynamics
(CFD)
analyses.
simulation
shows
adding
loops
increases
its
relative
deviation
but
minimally
compared
having
only
straight
path
design.
indicates
looping
acceptable
minimize
chip
length.
It
also
found
increasing
cross-sectional
area
fluid
decreases
efficiency
Lastly,
among
three
materials
utilized,
made
polypropylene
most
efficient,
0.94
polycarbonate
polydimethylsiloxane,
have
deviations
2.78
1.92,
respectively.
Future
researchers
may
mesh
44-cycle
due
limitations
study,
other
materials,
as
biocomposites,
assessed
broaden
application
Cell Biochemistry and Biophysics,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Март 20, 2025
Abstract
Human
malaria
remains
a
global
health
challenge,
with
Plasmodium
falciparum
responsible
for
the
most
severe
cases.
Despite
efforts,
eradicating
has
proven
difficult,
mainly
because
of
rise
in
drug
resistance,
particularly
against
artemisinin
and
its
derivatives.
One
possible
cause
this
resistance
is
activation
unfolded
protein
response
(UPR),
which
helps
maintain
cellular
balance
under
stress.
In
P.
,
UPR
operates
through
ubiquitin-proteasome
system
(UPS),
involves
proteins
such
as
Dsk2,
Rad23,
Ddi1.
Among
these,
DNA-damage-inducible
1
(
Pf
Ddi1)
plays
crucial
role
DNA
repair
present
throughout
parasite
life
cycle,
making
it
an
attractive
target.
However,
there
limited
research
on
Ddi1
therapeutic
Recent
vitro
studies
have
indicated
that
(ART)
dihydroartemisinin
(DHA)
inhibit
activity.
Building
this,
we
investigated
whether
ART
derivatives
could
serve
inhibitors
using
computational
modeling.
Our
study
included
clinically
relevant
artemether
(ARM),
arteether
(AET),
artemiside
(AMD),
artesunate
(ATS).
All
these
compounds
showed
strong
binding
to
Ddi1,
free
energies
ranging
from
−20.75
kcal/mol
AET
−34.24
ATS.
ARM
increased
Ddi1’s
structural
rigidity
hydrophobic
stability,
whereas
AMD
improved
kinetic
resulting
least
residue
motion.
Unlike
AMD,
other
ligands
destabilize
structure.
Importantly,
three
key
regions—Loop
(GLN
266
-
ILE
269),
Loop
2
(ILE
323
TYR
326),
3
(ALA
292
GLY
294)—were
identified
potential
targets
new
antimalarial
drugs
This
highlights
inhibitors,
paving
way
further
experimental
validation.
Graphical
Tropical Medicine and Health,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
53(1)
Опубликована: Апрель 8, 2025
Abstract
Background
Nigeria
accounts
for
the
greatest
burden
of
malaria
disease
globally.
Malaria
control
requires
an
effective
treatment
after
diagnosis.
The
efficacy
antimalarial
drugs
can
be
assessed
through
analysis
genetic
changes
associated
with
reduced
drug
sensitivity.
Methods
This
study
includes
markers
artemisinin
(
pfk13
),
sulfadoxine–pyrimethamine
pfdhfr
and
pfdhps
chloroquine
its
derivatives
pfmdr1
pfcrt
)
resistances,
in
blood
samples
collected
from
asymptomatic
children
south-western
Nigeria.
Results
25.95%
showed
a
number
mutations
gene.
Among
those,
validated,
C580Y,
candidate,
R515K,
by
WHO
were
detected.
Twenty-seven
different
haplotypes
observed,
haplotype
IS
G
KAA
as
most
prevalent
(18.80%),
followed
I
FG
(12.78%)
AG
(11.28%).
VAG
K
GS
was
common
carrying
I431V
mutation
(10.53%).
Combinations
alleles
genes
provided
40.98%
partially
resistant
IRNG
).
No
exhibited
‘fully
resistant’
or
‘super
pfdhprf
–
combinations,
but
one
sample
contained
at
51I,
59R,
108N
431V,
436A,
A437G
540E.
72–76
variants
disclosed
12.12%
mutant-type
(CV
IET
double
mutant
86Y/1246Y
(YY)
detected,
nor
formed
86Y
+
76
T
(YT).
Conclusions
There
no
evidence
parasite
genomes
harbouring
multilocus
conferring
multidrug
resistance,
although
validated
(C580Y)
candidate
(R515K)
gene,
high
frequency
variability
found
this
study,
which
provides
baseline
information
essential
monitoring
P.
falciparum
resistances.
Pharmaceutics,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
16(6), С. 699 - 699
Опубликована: Май 23, 2024
Malaria
poses
a
global
threat
to
human
health,
with
millions
of
cases
and
thousands
deaths
each
year,
mainly
affecting
developing
countries
in
tropical
subtropical
regions.
Malaria’s
causative
agent
is
Plasmodium
species,
generally
transmitted
the
hematophagous
act
female
Anopheles
sp.
mosquitoes.
The
main
approaches
fighting
malaria
are
eliminating
parasite
through
drug
treatments
preventing
transmission
vector
control.
However,
resistance
current
strategies
set
challenge.
In
response
loss
efficacy
environmental
impact
pesticides,
focus
shifted
search
for
biocompatible
products
that
could
be
antimalarial.
Plant
derivatives
have
millennial
application
traditional
medicine,
including
treatment
malaria,
show
toxic
effects
towards
mosquito,
aside
from
being
accessible
affordable.
Its
disadvantage
lies
type
administration
because
green
chemical
compounds
rapidly
degrade.
nanoformulation
these
can
improve
bioavailability,
solubility,
efficacy.
Thus,
nanotechnology-based
development
plant
represents
relevant
tool
fight
against
malaria.
We
aim
review
nanoparticles
synthesized
extracts
on
while
outlining
nanotechnology
synthesis
prevention
strategies.
Malaria,
caused
by
Plasmodium
parasites
and
transmitted
through
Anopheles
mosquitoes,
remains
a
formidable
global
health
challenge.
This
abstract
provides
an
overview
of
the
intricate
molecular
mechanisms
underlying
malaria
pathogenesis,
explores
current
therapeutic
approaches,
highlights
emerging
insights
that
may
shape
future
strategies
for
control.
The
dance
between
their
human
hosts
begins
with
mosquito’s
bite,
leading
to
invasion
erythrocytes
species.
We
delve
into
governing
parasite
entry
subsequent
replication
within
host
cells,
shedding
light
on
key
factors
such
as
erythrocyte
surface
receptors
parasite-encoded
proteins
critical
survival.
While
treatment
has
relied
heavily
antimalarial
drugs,
emergence
drug
resistance
necessitates
ongoing
exploration
novel
strategies.
reviews
classes,
action,
challenges
posed
resistance.
also
highlight
promising
candidates
innovative
approaches
in
pipeline,
including
use
advanced
techniques
immunotherapies.
Emerging
from
genomics,
proteomics,
transcriptomics
have
deepened
our
understanding
biology
host-parasite
interactions.
discuss
potential
these
omics
identifying
new
targets,
mechanisms,
developing
vaccines.
Additionally,
we
examine
role
genetics
influencing
susceptibility
response
treatment.
Vector
control
component
prevention.
touch
upon
strategies,
genetically
modified
mosquitoes
insecticides,
context
integrated
vector
management
programs.
Finally,
emphasize
importance
multifaceted
approach
control,
combining
advances
biology,
development,
public
interventions.
Molekul,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
19(1), С. 98 - 98
Опубликована: Март 14, 2024
Malaria
is
one
of
life
threatening-infectious
diseases
with
high
mortality
rate
in
African
regions.
also
public
health
problem
most
Southeast
Asia
(SEA)
This
disease
caused
by
a
Apicomplexan
parasite;
Plasmodium
sp.,
which
can
be
transmitted
from
humans
to
via
Anopheles
sp.
To
date,
the
need
new
antimalarial
drug
still
high,
due
rapid
increase
resistance.
Natural-derived
candidates
are
being
used
researchers
develop
antimalarials.
One
natural
resources
could
potentially
source
agents
mangrove
plants.
Traditionally,
plants
have
been
employed
as
antibacterial,
antioxidant,
anticancer,
and
antidiabetic.
Therefore,
we
conducted
scoping
review
identify,
evaluate
summarize
findings
newly
found
activity
elaborate
possible
mechanism
actions
killing
parasites.
From
several
databases,
six
species
suggested
potential
sources.
Various
phytochemical
compounds
extracts
made
those
were
revealed
exert
activity.
These
include
alkaloids,
flavonoids,
tannins,
phenols,
terpenoids,
saponins,
coumarins,
triterpenes,
glycosides,
anthraquinones
indicated
against
Plasmodium.
eight
studies
investigating
plant
extracts,
no
toxic
effects
shown.
considering
available
evidences,
that
for
discovery
promising
activities
However,
deeper
understanding
on
exact
mechanisms
their
requires
further
elucidation.
Keywords:
Antimalaria,
Anthraquinone,
Mangrove,
Protozoa
Medicina,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
60(6), С. 1013 - 1013
Опубликована: Июнь 20, 2024
:
Malaria
continues
to
be
a
significant
global
health
challenge.
The
efficacy
of
artemisinin-based
combination
therapies
(ACTs)
has
declined
in
many
parts
the
Greater
Mekong
Subregion,
including
Vietnam,
due
spread
resistant
malaria
strains.
This
study
was
conducted
assess
Dihydroartemisinin
(DHA)-Piperaquine
(PPQ)
regimen
treating
uncomplicated
Bioactive
small
molecules
are
essential
for
contemporary
drug
research,
because
of
their
capacity
to
interact
with
certain
biological
targets,
changing
function
and
producing
therapeutic
effects,
important
agents.
The
intricate
process
selecting
bioactive
in
discovery
involves
careful
consideration
diverse
factors,
encompassing
target
identification,
pharmacokinetics,
chemical
structure,
safety,
cost,
intellectual
property
considerations.
Complete
a
delicate
balance
among
these
elements
is
crucial
identifying
advancing
promising
candidates
that
hold
the
potential
effective
pharmaceutical
development.
In
this
chapter,
we
covered
various
sources
importance.
Along
this,
role
computational
methods
also
discussed
special
emphasis
on
density
functional
theory
studies
small-molecule
discovery.
