Apolipoprotein CIII correlates with lipoproteins in the fed state and is not regulated by leptin administration in states of hypoleptinemia induced by acute or chronic energy deficiency: Results from two randomised controlled trials
Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Янв. 15, 2025
Abstract
Background
Medications
targeting
the
leptin
and
Apolipoprotein
CIII
(APOC3)
pathways
are
currently
under
development
for
treatment
of
hypertriglyceridaemia.
Given
that
both
implicated
in
triglyceride
regulation,
it
is
unknown
whether
they
function
independently
or
interact
physiological
conditions
acute
long‐term
energy
deficiency.
Methods
APOC3
levels
their
association
with
circulating
lipids
lipoproteins
were
evaluated
context
two
randomised
controlled
studies.
In
Study‐1,
15
healthy
individuals
examined
three
distinct
conditions,
each
lasting
72
h:
isocaloric
feeding,
fasting
placebo
administration
administered
at
replacement
doses.
Study‐2,
20
females
hypoleptinemia
due
to
relative
deficiency
sport
(REDs)
a
minimum
6
months
treated
either
36
weeks.
Results
remained
stable
across
all
arms
unaffected
by
administration.
fed
state,
presented
positive
correlations
various
VLDL,
IDL,
LDL
HDL
sizes,
free
fatty
acids
(FFA),
most
which
not
replicated
fasting.
During
complete
deprivation,
was
correlated
molecules,
glutamine
FFA,
whereas
its
positively
associated
only
FFA
treatment.
lower
group,
but
this
leptin‐dependent
effect.
A
correlation
between
observed
group.
Conclusions
These
results
contribute
towards
our
better
understanding
intricate
nature
lipid
regulation
deficiency,
suggesting
medications
act
through
different
metabolic
thus
may
have
independent
effects
from
other
regulating
triglycerides.
Язык: Английский
Unveiling Gestational Diabetes: An Overview of Pathophysiology and Management
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
26(5), С. 2320 - 2320
Опубликована: Март 5, 2025
Gestational
diabetes
mellitus
(GDM)
is
characterized
by
an
inadequate
pancreatic
β-cell
response
to
pregnancy-induced
insulin
resistance,
resulting
in
hyperglycemia.
The
pathophysiology
involves
reduced
incretin
hormone
secretion
and
signaling,
specifically
decreased
glucagon-like
peptide-1
(GLP-1)
glucose-dependent
insulinotropic
polypeptide
(GIP),
impairing
effects.
Pro-inflammatory
cytokines,
including
tumor
necrosis
factor-alpha
(TNF-α)
interleukin-6
(IL-6),
impair
receptor
substrate-1
(IRS-1)
phosphorylation,
disrupting
insulin-mediated
glucose
uptake.
dysfunction
GDM
associated
with
duodenal
homeobox
1
(PDX1)
expression,
increased
endoplasmic
reticulum
stress
markers
(CHOP,
GRP78),
mitochondrial
leading
impaired
ATP
production
glucose-stimulated
secretion.
Excessive
gestational
weight
gain
exacerbates
resistance
through
hyperleptinemia,
which
downregulates
expression
via
JAK/STAT
signaling.
Additionally,
hypoadiponectinemia
decreases
AMP-activated
protein
kinase
(AMPK)
activation
skeletal
muscle,
GLUT4
translocation.
Placental
hormones
such
as
human
placental
lactogen
(hPL)
induce
lipolysis,
increasing
circulating
free
fatty
acids
activate
C,
inhibiting
11β-hydroxysteroid
dehydrogenase
type
(11β-HSD1)
overactivity
elevates
cortisol
levels,
glucocorticoid
receptors
further
reduce
sensitivity.
diagnostic
thresholds
(≥92
mg/dL
fasting,
≥153
post-load)
are
lower
than
2
prevent
fetal
hyperinsulinemia
macrosomia.
Management
strategies
focus
on
lifestyle
modifications,
dietary
carbohydrate
restriction
exercise.
Pharmacological
interventions,
or
metformin,
aim
restore
AMPK
signaling
hepatic
output.
Emerging
therapies,
(GLP-1R)
agonists,
show
potential
improving
glycemic
control
reducing
inflammation.
A
mechanistic
understanding
of
essential
for
developing
targeted
therapeutic
both
adverse
pregnancy
outcomes
the
progression
overt
affected
women.
Язык: Английский
The mediating role of BMI in the relationship between OSAHS and bone metabolism in male patients with T2DM
Sleep And Breathing,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
29(2)
Опубликована: Апрель 12, 2025
Язык: Английский
Gallstones in the Era of Metabolic Syndrome: Pathophysiology, Risk Prediction, and Management
Cureus,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Март 13, 2025
Gallstone
disease
(GSD)
and
metabolic
syndrome
(MetS)
are
increasingly
prevalent
conditions
with
significant
global
health
implications.
Recent
evidence
highlights
a
strong
epidemiological
association
between
these
disorders,
driven
by
shared
pathophysiological
mechanisms.
This
review
provides
comprehensive
analysis
of
the
intricate
relationship
MetS
GSD,
focusing
on
role
insulin
resistance,
dyslipidemia,
obesity,
gut
microbiota
dysbiosis
in
gallstone
formation.
An
integrated
model
is
proposed,
linking
disturbances
to
bile
cholesterol
supersaturation,
gallbladder
dysmotility,
chronic
inflammation.
The
also
explores
clinical
implications,
including
risk
prediction
models
based
parameters,
early
detection
biomarkers,
targeted
interventions
such
as
lifestyle
modifications,
pharmacological
therapies,
microbiome
modulation.
By
addressing
underpinnings
this
synthesis
offers
foundation
for
developing
preventive
therapeutic
strategies
mitigate
burden
interconnected
conditions.
Future
research
directions
outlined
refine
mechanistic
insights
improve
outcomes.
Язык: Английский
Brown adipose tissue transplantation ameliorates hindlimb ischemic damage in diabetic mice
Scientific Reports,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
15(1)
Опубликована: Март 14, 2025
Peripheral
arterial
disease
(PAD)
is
a
common
complication
associated
with
diabetes,
which
can
lead
to
foot
ischemia.
The
condition
often
accompanied
by
infection
and
necrosis,
ultimately
leading
diabetic
ulcers
the
risk
of
amputation.
Brown
adipose
tissue
(BAT)
its
secreted
cytokines
play
an
essential
role
in
regulation
glucose
homeostasis,
modulation
inflammatory
responses,
vascular
endothelial
cell
proliferation.
transplantation
BAT
into
ischemic
regions
may
offer
therapeutic
benefits
alleviating
symptoms
PAD.
A
mouse
model
was
established
via
intraperitoneal
administration
streptozocin.
Subsequently,
lower
limb
ulcer
constructed
transection
femoral
artery
ligation
vein.
harvested
from
subscapular
region
employed
as
graft.
research
utilized
Laser
Doppler
monitoring,
Western
blot
analysis,
hematoxylin-eosin
(HE)
staining,
immunofluorescence
enzyme-linked
immunosorbent
assay
(ELISA)
evaluate
blood
flow
recovery
regions,
histopathological
changes,
angiogenesis
remodeling,
M1/M2
macrophage
polarization.
significantly
enhanced
mice
while
concurrently
reducing
necrotic
tissue.
Pathological
analyses
demonstrate
that
mitigates
damage,
stimulates
angiogenesis,
supports
remodeling.
Furthermore,
blotting,
immunofluorescence,
ELISA
results
revealed
reduces
levels
tissues,
increases
expression
angiogenic
factors,
promotes
polarization
macrophages
M1
M2
phenotype.
has
demonstrated
mitigate
injury
mice,
attenuate
facilitate
restoration
flow.
These
effects
be
linked
alterations
Язык: Английский