Supporting extinction memory updating to promote extinction generalization in a category-based fear conditioning paradigm

Behaviour Research and Therapy, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 188, С. 104719 - 104719

Опубликована: Март 15, 2025

A challenge in exposure-based treatments is the effective generalization of extinction learning, as it tends to be highly specific stimuli or situations used during exposure. This study takes a first step toward enhancing by promoting updating memory. 35 participants underwent three-day, within-subject, category-based fear conditioning paradigm. Two conditioned stimulus (CS) categories were paired with an electric shock acquisition training (CS+1; CS+2), while one CS category was not (CS-). On day two, followed prompt retrieve inhibitory learning association and imagine same experience multiple novel for CS+1 order promote memory updating. Importantly, these directly presented but solely imagined based on two-word description. three, tested initial recall. We observed pronounced return new from CS+2 category. However, skin conductance response (SCR), fear-potentiated startle (FPS), expectancy ratings decreased (CS+1) compared other (CS+2). Moreover, led diminished indexed SCR well previously seen images FPS subjective measures. These findings suggest that mental imagery involving may help facilitate generalization. Further research needed explore underlying mechanisms potential clinically applicable improve treatment outcomes.

Язык: Английский

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Spreading the reduction of fear: A narrative review on generalization of extinction learning in human fear conditioning

Clinical Psychology Review, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 102580 - 102580

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2025

Extinction learning refers to a reduction in fear conditioned stimulus (CS) that previously signaled threat, but now occurs without the expected threat. This mechanism is core exposure-based treatments for anxiety-related disorders. Enhancing generalization of extinction crucial improving treatment outcomes, as it helps reduce across range stimuli (GSs) resembling original fear-evoking CS. narrative review identifies and covers three models: 1) CS learning, examining how generalizes novel GSs, 2) GS assessing other GSs or CS, 3) multiple where involves (and sometimes CS) its effect on stimuli. While effectively stimuli, showed limited Since real-life rarely reproduces involving only GS(s) may better reflect clinical practice; poor constitute another pathway return fear. also highlights various factors influence call future research develop strategies these processes, which can help inform treatments.

Язык: Английский

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High-intensity interval training in individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder: A randomized controlled pilot trial

Mental health and physical activity, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 26, С. 100579 - 100579

Опубликована: Фев. 5, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Decoding neural reactivation of threat during fear learning, extinction, and recall in a randomized clinical trial of L-DOPA among women with PTSD

Psychological Medicine, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 54(6), С. 1091 - 1101

Опубликована: Окт. 9, 2023

Abstract Background Laboratory paradigms are widely used to study fear learning in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Recent basic science models demonstrate that, during learning, patterns of activity large neuronal ensembles for the conditioned stimuli (CS) begin reinstate neural unconditioned (US), suggesting a direct way quantifying memory strength CS. Here, we translate this concept human neuroimaging and test impact post-learning dopaminergic neurotransmission on acquisition, extinction, recall among women with PTSD re-analysis previously reported data. Methods Participants ( N = 79) completed context-dependent acquisition extinction task day 1 tests 24 h later. We decoded large-scale functional networks US, then applied decoder toward CS 2. Results US output CS+ increased decreased traditionally implicated learning. The reactivation also predicted individuals skin conductance responses. randomized receive L-DOPA n 43) following demonstrated less 2 relative placebo group 28). Conclusion These results support as measure between competing memories threat safety further role consolidation memories.

Язык: Английский

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Pharmacological manipulations of the dorsomedial and dorsolateral striatum during fear extinction have opposing effects on fear renewal

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 20, 2024

Abstract Systemic manipulations that enhance dopamine (DA) transmission around the time of fear extinction can strengthen and reduce conditioned relapse. Prior studies investigating brain regions where DA augments focus on targets mesolimbic mesocortical systems originating in ventral tegmental area, given role these neurons prediction error. The dorsal striatum (DS), a primary target nigrostriatal system substantia nigra (SN), is implicated behaviors beyond its canonical movement, such as reward punishment, goal-directed action, stimulus-response associations, but whether DS contributes to unknown. We have observed chemogenetic stimulation SN during prevents return contexts different from context, form relapse called renewal. This effect mimicked by D1 receptor (D1R) agonist injected into DS, thus implicating extinction. Different subregions subserve unique functions it unclear D1R acts Furthermore, although increases neural activity subregions, causally involved To explore extinction, adult, male Long-Evans rats received microinjections either SKF38393 or cocktail consisting GABA A /GABA B agonists muscimol/baclofen selectively dorsomedial (DMS) dorsolateral (DLS) immediately prior retention renewal were subsequently assessed drug-free. While increasing signaling DMS did not impact renewal, inactivation reduced later In contrast, DLS had no These data suggest opposing effects with promoting Mechanisms through which could influence contextual gating are discussed. Highlights Dorsolateral reduces Neural permits Dorsal roles Graphical

Язык: Английский

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Pharmacological manipulations of the dorsomedial and dorsolateral striatum during fear extinction reveal opposing roles in fear renewal

Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 212, С. 107937 - 107937

Опубликована: Май 11, 2024

Язык: Английский

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A Pilot Study of the Role of the BDNF Val66Met Polymorphism in Response to Exercise-Augmented Exposure Therapy for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Psychoneuroendocrinology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 167, С. 107106 - 107106

Опубликована: Июнь 21, 2024

Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) is implicated in extinction learning, which a primary mechanism of exposure therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Brief aerobic exercise has been shown to promote BDNF release and augment learning. On the premise that Val allele Val66Met polymorphism facilitates greater BDNF, this study examined extent predicted treatment response PTSD patients who underwent combined with or passive stretching. (N = 85) provided saliva samples order extract genomic DNA identify Val/Val Met carriers genotype, were assessed severity prior following 9-week course The sample comprised 52 33 carriers. Patients high-expression display reduction symptoms at posttreatment than Hierarchical regression analysis indicated was specifically observed received combination exercise. This finding accords animal human evidence promotes these individuals may benefit more from exercise-augmented extinction. Although preliminary, result represents possible avenue augmented allele.

Язык: Английский

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Acute changes in affective valence and perceived distress predict reductions in PTSD symptom severity

Mental health and physical activity, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 25, С. 100523 - 100523

Опубликована: Май 20, 2023

Язык: Английский

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The influence of aerobic exercise on model-based decision making in women with posttraumatic stress disorder

Journal of Mood and Anxiety Disorders, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 2, С. 100015 - 100015

Опубликована: Июль 27, 2023

Individuals with PTSD often exhibit deficits in executive functioning. An unexplored aspect of neurocognitive functions associated is the type learning system engaged during decision-making. A model-free (MF) habitual nature and involves trial-and-error that updated based on most recent experience (e.g., repeat action if rewarded). model-based (MB) goal-directed development an abstract representation environment to facilitate decisions choose sequence actions according current contextual state predicted outcomes). The existing literature suggests hypothesis greater reliance MF vs MB strategies when navigating their environment. While systems may be more cognitively efficient, they do not afford flexibility making prospective predictions about likely outcomes different decision-tree branches. Emerging research acute bout aerobic exercise improves certain aspects neurocognition, thereby could promote utilization over decision making, although prior has yet tested this hypothesis. Accordingly, study administered a lab-based two-stage Markov decision-making task capable discriminating order determine moderate-intensity (either shortly after or 30-minutes ended) promotes engagement behavioral compared light-intensity adult women without (N=61). Results revealed control generally displayed higher levels behavior was further increased following immediate exercise, particularly exercise. By contrast, group lower behavior, exhibited completing regardless whether there short long delay between task. Additionally, demonstrated less impairment controls These results suggest boosts PTSD, play important role enhancing cognitive for PTSD.

Язык: Английский

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Exercise and Fear and Safety Learning

Current topics in behavioral neurosciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown, С. 125 - 140

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024

Язык: Английский

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