The Warburg hypothesis and the emergence of the mitochondrial metabolic theory of cancer

Journal of Bioenergetics and Biomembranes, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Апрель 8, 2025

Abstract Otto Warburg originally proposed that cancer arose from a two-step process. The first step involved chronic insufficiency of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos), while the second protracted compensatory energy synthesis through lactic acid fermentation. His extensive findings showed oxygen consumption was lower lactate production higher in cancerous tissues than non-cancerous tissues. considered both and extracellular as accurate markers for ATP OxPhos glycolysis, respectively. Warburg’s hypothesis challenged showing remained high some cells despite elevated suggesting largely unimpaired. New information indicates neither nor are surrogates quantification cells. also did not know significant amount could come glutamine-driven substrate level glutaminolysis pathway with succinate produced end product, thus confounding linkage to origin within mitochondria. Moreover, new shows cytoplasmic lipid droplets aerobic fermentation biomarkers insufficiency. original can now be linked more complete understanding how underlies dysregulated cell growth. These address several questionable assumptions regarding allowing field advance effective therapeutic strategies less toxic metabolic management prevention cancer.

Язык: Английский

ENC1 Promotes the Malignant Progression and Metastasis by Suppressing TRIM21 Mediated Vimentin Degradation in Wilms Tumor

Molecular Carcinogenesis, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Апрель 13, 2025

Ectodermal neural cortex 1 (ENC1) is significantly upregulated in various cancers and shows a positive correlation with poor prognosis advanced clinical stages, such as colorectal cancer, endometrial cancer breast cancer. However, the role of ENC1 Wilms tumor (WT) has not been previously reported. In this study, we conducted several vitro functional experiments established xenograft models to confirm oncogenic potential ENC1. The binding proteins were identified through co-immunoprecipitation mass spectrometry screen mechanism malignant progression. Further analysis elucidated by which promotes tumorigenesis. results demonstrated that was overexpressed recurrence samples, elevated expression showing significant negative both overall survival recurrence-free patients. Functionally, oncogenicity assessment cell proliferation, migration, invasion capabilities. Mechanistically, immunoprecipitation spectrometry, Vimentin an interacting protein competed E3 ubiquitin ligase TRIM21 for binding, thereby reducing ubiquitination level enhancing its stability. conclusion, study demonstrates functions novel target disrupting TRIM21-mediated Vimentin, presents insights treatment development prognostic markers.

Язык: Английский

Mitochondrial and photosynthetic therapy: A crucial strategy for remodeling cellular metabolic function

Bioengineering & Translational Medicine, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Май 19, 2025

Abstract Extranuclear organelle transplantation, an emerging field in cell biology and bioengineering, presents innovative therapeutic possibilities by transferring organelles such as mitochondria between cells or across species. In living organisms, chloroplasts are closely related to converting substances energy within cells. Transplantation therapy of seeks rebuild metabolic function diseased damaged has broad application potential treating diseases. The therapies provide a distinctive technology for cellular restoration targeting generation at the level, which will offer new resources animal At present, mitochondrial transplantation been applied novel approach rescue patients clinical settings, chloroplast‐based endows utilize light (photosynthetic cells). this review, we discuss exciting development prospects photosynthetic biomedicine. extranuclear would exert profound impacts on biological therapy.

Язык: Английский