Nuclear Quantum Effects Explain Chemiosmosis: The Power of the Proton

Biosystems, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 105407 - 105407

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025

ATP is a universal bio-currency, with chemiosmosis the metabolic mint by which currency printed. Chemiosmosis leverages membrane potential and ion gradient, typically proton to generate ATP. The current chemiosmotic hypothesis both cannon dogma. However, there are obstacles unqualified uncritical acceptance of this model. Intriguingly sufficiently small exhibit quantum phenomena wave-particle duality, often thought exclusive prerogative smaller subcellular particles. Evidence shows that necessity critically dependent upon these nuclear effects (NQE) hydrogen, most notably as proton. It well established scientific orthodoxy protons in water hydrogen atoms molecules phenomena. effect amplified bonding juxta-membrane location mitochondria chloroplasts. NQE explains otherwise inexplicable features chemiosmosis, including paucity protons, rate movement genesis subliminal motive forces thus functionality alkaliphiles. also accounts for efficiencies reported at greater than 100% certain contexts, violates second law thermodynamics under paradigm classical physics. Mitochondria may have evolved exploit biology notable such dimeric synthases adumbrating first double-slip experiment protons. dramatic global deceleration mitochondrial all cellular function following substitution heavier isotopes, deuterium tritium: "deuteruction", testimony primacy Quantum Chemiosmosis. Indeed speed evolution itself its inexorable route homeothermy be due power smallest nucleus, atom almost nothing was selected bring about important processes complex manifestations life.

Язык: Английский

Oxidative Phosphorylation Does Not Violate the Second Law of Thermodynamics

The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 128(35), С. 8448 - 8458

Опубликована: Авг. 21, 2024

In a recent series of papers, James W. Lee reported that mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation violates the second law thermodynamics and it is allowed to do so because "Type-B" process features lateral longitudinal membrane asymmetry. We show here these contentions are based on problematic interpretations literature. More reliable values Δ

Язык: Английский