Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
72(13), С. 6787 - 6802
Опубликована: Март 21, 2024
Tryptophan
(Trp)
is
an
essential
amino
acid
which
unable
to
be
synthesized
in
the
body.
Main
sources
of
Trp
are
uptake
foods
such
as
oats
and
bananas.
In
this
review,
we
describe
status
current
dietary
consumption,
metabolic
pathways
nutritional
characteristics
Trp,
well
its
ingestion
downstream
metabolites
for
maintaining
body
health
safety.
This
review
also
summarizes
recent
advances
metabolism,
particularly
5-HT,
KYN,
AhR
activation
pathways,
revealing
that
endogenous
host
not
only
differentially
affected
but
closely
linked
health.
More
attention
should
paid
targeting
specific
utilizing
food
molecules
probiotics
manipulating
metabolism.
However,
complexity
microbiota–host
interactions
requires
further
exploration
precisely
refine
targets
innovating
gut
microbiota-targeted
diagnostic
approaches
informing
subsequent
studies
targeted
treatments
diseases.
Molecules and Cells,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
46(3), С. 176 - 186
Опубликована: Март 1, 2023
The
oxidative
balance
of
a
cell
is
maintained
by
the
Kelch-like
ECH-associated
protein
1
(KEAP1)/nuclear
factor
erythroid
2-related
2
(NRF2)
pathway.This
cytoprotective
pathway
detoxifies
reactive
oxygen
species
and
xenobiotics.The
role
KEAP1/NRF2
as
pro-tumorigenic
or
anti-tumorigenic
throughout
stages
carcinogenesis
(including
initiation,
promotion,
progression,
metastasis)
complex.This
mini
review
focuses
on
key
studies
describing
how
affects
cancer
at
different
phases.The
data
compiled
suggest
that
roles
KEAP1/
NRF2
in
are
highly
dependent
context;
specifically,
model
used
(carcinogen-induced
vs
genetic),
tumor
type,
stage
cancer.Moreover,
emerging
suggests
also
important
for
regulating
microenvironment
its
effects
amplified
either
epigenetics
response
to
co-occurring
mutations.Further
elucidation
complexity
this
needed
order
develop
novel
pharmacological
tools
drugs
improve
patient
outcomes.
Nature Communications,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
14(1)
Опубликована: Дек. 14, 2023
Abstract
Tryptophan
metabolism
through
the
kynurenine
pathway
influences
molecular
processes
critical
to
healthy
aging
including
immune
signaling,
redox
homeostasis,
and
energy
production.
Aberrant
occurs
during
normal
is
implicated
in
many
age-associated
pathologies
chronic
inflammation,
atherosclerosis,
neurodegeneration,
cancer.
We
others
previously
identified
three
genes—
tdo-2
,
kynu-1
acsd-1
—for
which
decreasing
expression
extends
lifespan
invertebrates.
Here
we
report
that
knockdown
of
haao-1
a
fourth
gene
encoding
enzyme
3-hydroxyanthranilic
acid
(3HAA)
dioxygenase
(HAAO),
by
~30%
delays
health
decline
Caenorhabditis
elegans
.
Lifespan
extension
mediated
increased
physiological
levels
HAAO
substrate
3HAA.
3HAA
increases
oxidative
stress
resistance
activates
Nrf2/SKN-1
response.
In
pilot
studies,
female
Haao
knockout
mice
or
wild
type
male
fed
supplemented
diet
were
also
long-lived.
represent
potential
therapeutic
targets
for
disease.
Frontiers in Immunology,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
15
Опубликована: Янв. 25, 2024
The
tryptophan-degrading
enzyme
indoleamine
2,3-dioxygenase
1
(IDO1)
is
a
plastic
immune
checkpoint
molecule
that
potently
orchestrates
responses
within
the
tumor
microenvironment
(TME).
As
heme-containing
protein,
IDO1
catalyzes
conversion
of
essential
amino
acid
tryptophan
into
immunoactive
metabolites,
called
kynurenines.
By
depleting
and
enriching
TME
with
kynurenines,
catalytic
activity
shapes
an
immunosuppressive
TME.
Accordingly,
inducible
or
constitutive
expression
in
cancer
correlates
negative
prognosis
for
patients,
representing
one
critical
tumor-escape
mechanisms.
However,
clinically
trialed
inhibitors
disappointed
expected
anti-tumor
efficacy.
Interestingly,
non-enzymatic
apo-form
still
active
as
transducing
capable
promoting
immunoregulatory
phenotype
dendritic
cells
(DCs)
well
pro-tumorigenic
behavior
murine
melanoma.
Moreover,
inhibitor
epacadostat
can
induce
tolerogenic
plasmacytoid
DCs,
overcoming
inhibition
IDO1.
Based
on
this
recent
evidence,
plasticity
was
investigated
human
ovarian
cell
line,
SKOV-3,
constitutively
expresses
dynamic
balance
between
holo-
apo-protein,
thus
potentially
endowed
dual
function
(i.e.,
enzymatic
non-enzymatic).
Besides
inhibiting
activity,
persistently
stabilizes
favoring
its
tyrosine-phosphorylation
association
phosphatase
SHP-2.
In
SKOV-3
cells,
both
these
early
molecular
events
activate
signaling
pathway
transduced
by
which
independent
contributes
to
tumorigenic
cells.
Overall,
our
findings
unveiled
new
mechanism
action
target,
repositioning
stabilizer
IDO1,
tumor.
This
could
contribute
clarify
lack
effectiveness
clinical
trials
shed
light
innovative
immunotherapeutic
strategies
tackle
target.
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
72(13), С. 6787 - 6802
Опубликована: Март 21, 2024
Tryptophan
(Trp)
is
an
essential
amino
acid
which
unable
to
be
synthesized
in
the
body.
Main
sources
of
Trp
are
uptake
foods
such
as
oats
and
bananas.
In
this
review,
we
describe
status
current
dietary
consumption,
metabolic
pathways
nutritional
characteristics
Trp,
well
its
ingestion
downstream
metabolites
for
maintaining
body
health
safety.
This
review
also
summarizes
recent
advances
metabolism,
particularly
5-HT,
KYN,
AhR
activation
pathways,
revealing
that
endogenous
host
not
only
differentially
affected
but
closely
linked
health.
More
attention
should
paid
targeting
specific
utilizing
food
molecules
probiotics
manipulating
metabolism.
However,
complexity
microbiota–host
interactions
requires
further
exploration
precisely
refine
targets
innovating
gut
microbiota-targeted
diagnostic
approaches
informing
subsequent
studies
targeted
treatments
diseases.
