Medicina,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
59(6), С. 1119 - 1119
Опубликована: Июнь 9, 2023
Alarming
statistics
show
that
the
number
of
people
affected
by
excessive
weight
has
surpassed
2
billion,
representing
approximately
30%
world's
population.
The
aim
this
review
is
to
provide
a
comprehensive
overview
one
most
serious
public
health
problems,
considering
obesity
requires
an
integrative
approach
takes
into
account
its
complex
etiology,
including
genetic,
environmental,
and
lifestyle
factors.
Only
understanding
connections
between
many
contributors
synergy
treatment
interventions
can
ensure
satisfactory
outcomes
in
reducing
obesity.
Mechanisms
such
as
oxidative
stress,
chronic
inflammation,
dysbiosis
play
crucial
role
pathogenesis
associated
complications.
Compounding
factors
deleterious
effects
novel
challenge
posed
obesogenic
digital
(food)
environment,
stigma
with
should
not
be
overlooked.
Preclinical
research
animal
models
been
instrumental
elucidating
these
mechanisms,
translation
clinical
practice
provided
promising
therapeutic
options,
epigenetic
approaches,
pharmacotherapy,
bariatric
surgery.
However,
more
studies
are
necessary
discover
new
compounds
target
key
metabolic
pathways,
innovative
ways
deliver
drugs,
optimal
combinations
allopathic
treatments,
and,
last
but
least,
emerging
biological
markers
for
effective
monitoring.
With
each
passing
day,
crisis
tightens
grip,
threatening
only
individual
lives
also
burdening
healthcare
systems
societies
at
large.
It
high
time
we
took
action
confront
urgent
imperative
address
escalating
global
head-on.
Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
8(1)
Опубликована: Сен. 13, 2023
Abstract
Amino
acids
are
the
building
blocks
of
protein
synthesis.
They
structural
elements
and
energy
sources
cells
necessary
for
normal
cell
growth,
differentiation
function.
acid
metabolism
disorders
have
been
linked
with
a
number
pathological
conditions,
including
metabolic
diseases,
cardiovascular
immune
cancer.
In
case
tumors,
alterations
in
amino
can
be
used
not
only
as
clinical
indicators
cancer
progression
but
also
therapeutic
strategies.
Since
growth
development
tumors
depend
on
intake
foreign
acids,
more
studies
targeted
tumor-related
to
selectively
kill
tumor
cells.
Furthermore,
immune-related
confirmed
that
regulates
function
effector
T
regulatory
cells,
affecting
Therefore,
studying
associated
disease
identifying
targets
pathways
may
helpful
treatment.
This
article
mainly
focuses
research
tumor-oriented
reviews
progress
diseases
related
metabolism,
order
provide
theoretical
basis
therapy
metabolism.
Biochemical Journal,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
478(20), С. 3723 - 3739
Опубликована: Окт. 21, 2021
Sterol
Regulatory
Element
Binding
Protein-1c
is
a
transcription
factor
that
controls
the
synthesis
of
lipids
from
glucose
in
liver,
process
which
utmost
importance
for
storage
energy.
Discovered
early
nineties
by
B.
Spiegelman
and
M.
Brown
J.
Goldstein,
it
has
generated
more
than
5000
studies
order
to
elucidate
its
mechanism
activation
role
physiology
pathology.
Synthetized
as
precursor
found
membranes
endoplasmic
reticulum,
be
exported
Golgi
cleaved
called
regulated
intramembrane
proteolysis.
We
reviewed
2002
main
characteristics,
regulation
hepatic
glycolytic
lipogenic
genes.
particularly
emphasized
mediator
insulin
effects
on
these
In
present
review,
we
would
like
update
informations
focus
response
another
actor
activation,
reticulum
stress.
Biomedicines,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
10(1), С. 178 - 178
Опубликована: Янв. 16, 2022
Periodontitis
and
diabetes
are
two
major
global
health
problems
despite
their
prevalence
being
significantly
underreported
underestimated.
Both
epidemiological
intervention
studies
show
a
bidirectional
relationship
between
periodontitis
diabetes.
The
hypothesis
of
potential
causal
link
the
diseases
is
corroborated
by
recent
in
experimental
animals
that
identified
mechanisms
whereby
can
adversely
affect
each
other.
Herein,
we
will
review
clinical
data
on
existence
two-way
discuss
possible
mechanistic
interactions
both
directions,
focusing
particular
new
highlighting
importance
host
response.
Moreover,
address
trained
immunity
may
represent
unifying
mechanism
explaining
intertwined
association
periodontitis.
Achieving
better
insight
clustering
infectious,
inflammatory,
metabolic
provide
therapeutic
options
to
reduce
risk
diabetes-associated
comorbidities.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
23(8), С. 4325 - 4325
Опубликована: Апрель 13, 2022
Branched-chain
amino
acids
(BCAAs)
include
leucine,
isoleucine,
and
valine.
Mammalians
cannot
synthesize
these
de
novo
must
acquire
them
through
their
diet.
High
levels
of
BCAAs
are
associated
with
insulin
resistance;
type
2
diabetes;
obesity;
non-metabolic
diseases,
including
several
forms
cancer.
BCAAs—in
particular
leucine—activate
the
rapamycin
complex1
mTORC1,
which
regulates
cell
growth
metabolism,
glucose
metabolism
more
essential
physiological
processes.
Diets
rich
in
metabolic
diseases
(listed
above),
while
diets
low
generally
reported
to
promote
health.
As
for
dysregulation
caused
by
high
BCAAs,
recent
studies
propose
that
accumulation
acyl-carnitine
diacyl-CoA
muscles
alters
lipid
metabolism.
However,
this
suggestion
is
not
broadly
accepted.
On
clinical
grounds,
pre-
post-operative
profiles
candidate
patients
bariatric
surgery
being
used
select
optimal
procedure
each
individual
patient.
Molecular Metabolism,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
64, С. 101550 - 101550
Опубликована: Июль 31, 2022
Tirzepatide,
a
dual
GIP
and
GLP-1
receptor
agonist,
delivered
superior
glycemic
control
weight
loss
compared
to
selective
(GLP-1R)
agonism
in
patients
with
type
2
diabetes
(T2D).
These
results
have
fueled
mechanistic
studies
focused
on
understanding
how
tirzepatide
achieves
its
therapeutic
efficacy.
Recently,
we
found
that
treatment
improves
insulin
sensitivity
humans
T2D
obese
mice
concert
reduction
circulating
levels
of
branched-chain
amino
(BCAAs)
keto
(BCKAs)
acids,
metabolites
associated
development
systemic
resistance
(IR)
T2D.
Importantly,
these
effects
were
be
coupled
increased
expression
BCAA
catabolic
genes
thermogenic
brown
adipose
tissue
(BAT)
mice.
findings
led
us
hypothesize
may
lower
BCAAs/BCKAs
by
promoting
their
catabolism
BAT.
To
address
this
question,
utilized
murine
model
diet-induced
obesity
employed
stable-isotope
tracer
combination
metabolomic
analyses
BAT
other
tissues.
Treatment
stimulated
BAT,
as
demonstrated
labeling
BCKA-derived
metabolites,
increases
byproducts
breakdown,
including
glutamate,
alanine,
3-hydroxyisobutyric
acid
(3-HIB).
Further,
chronic
administration
multiple
acids
previously
been
shown
elevated
response
cold
exposure.
Finally,
substantial
increase
several
TCA
cycle
intermediates
(α-ketoglutarate,
fumarate,
malate)
suggest
induces
thermogenic-like
profile
an
effect
account
for
reduced
BCAAs
IR
