Frontiers in Immunology,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
15
Опубликована: Апрель 8, 2024
Interactions
between
macrophages
and
adipocytes
in
adipose
tissue
are
critical
for
the
regulation
of
energy
metabolism
obesity.
Macrophage
polarization
induced
by
cold
or
other
stimulations
can
drive
metabolic
reprogramming
adipocytes,
browning,
thermogenesis.
Accordingly,
investigating
roles
maintenance
homeostasis
is
development
novel
therapeutic
approaches
specifically
targeting
disorders
such
as
Current
review
outlines
macrophage
not
only
regulates
release
central
nervous
system
inflammatory
factors,
but
controls
mitochondrial
function,
factor
that
induce
maintain
homeostasis.
We
also
emphasized
on
how
conversely
motivate
macrophage.
Exploring
interactions
may
provide
new
strategies
management
obesity-related
diseases.
Nature Metabolism,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
5(4), С. 699 - 709
Опубликована: Апрель 3, 2023
Triglyceride
cycling
is
the
process
of
continuous
degradation
and
re-synthesis
triglyceride
in
cellular
stores.
We
show
3T3-L1
adipocytes
that
triglycerides
are
subject
to
rapid
turnover
re-arrangement
fatty
acids
with
an
estimated
half-life
2-4
h.
develop
a
tracing
technology
can
simultaneously
quantitatively
follow
metabolism
multiple
study
futile
substrate
cycle
directly
molecular
species
resolution.
Our
approach
based
on
alkyne
acid
tracers
mass
spectrometry.
The
connected
modification
released
by
elongation
desaturation.
Through
modification,
saturated
slowly
converted
monounsaturated
acids,
linoleic
arachidonic
acid.
conclude
renders
stored
accessible
for
metabolic
alteration.
overall
facilitates
adjustments
pool
meet
changing
needs
cell.
Frontiers in Endocrinology,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
14
Опубликована: Фев. 16, 2023
Brown
adipose
tissue
(BAT),
a
thermoregulatory
organ
known
to
promote
energy
expenditure,
has
been
extensively
studied
as
potential
avenue
combat
obesity.
Although
BAT
is
the
opposite
of
white
(WAT)
which
responsible
for
storage,
shares
thermogenic
capacity
with
beige
that
emerges
from
WAT
depots.
This
unsurprising
both
and
display
huge
difference
in
terms
their
secretory
profile
physiological
role.
In
obesity,
content
declines
these
tissues
acquire
characteristics
via
process
called
“whitening”.
rarely
explored
its
implication
whether
it
contributes
or
exacerbates
Emerging
research
demonstrated
BAT/beige
whitening
sophisticated
metabolic
complication
obesity
linked
multiple
factors.
The
current
review
provides
clarification
on
influence
various
factors
such
diet,
age,
genetics,
thermoneutrality,
chemical
exposure
whitening.
Moreover,
defects
mechanisms
underpin
are
described.
Notably,
can
be
marked
by
accumulation
large
unilocular
lipid
droplets,
mitochondrial
degeneration,
collapsed
capacity,
virtue
dysfunction,
devascularization,
autophagy,
inflammation.
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
47(5), С. 595 - 611
Опубликована: Сен. 26, 2023
In
this
review,
we
provide
a
brief
synopsis
of
the
connections
between
adipose
tissue
and
metabolic
health
highlight
some
recent
developments
in
understanding
exploiting
adipocyte
biology.
Adipose
plays
critical
roles
regulation
systemic
glucose
lipid
metabolism
secretes
bioactive
molecules
possessing
endocrine,
paracrine,
autocrine
functions.
Dysfunctional
has
detrimental
impact
on
is
intimately
involved
key
aspects
diseases
such
as
insulin
resistance,
overload,
inflammation,
organelle
stress.
Differences
distribution
fat
depots
characteristics
relate
to
divergent
degrees
dysfunction
found
metabolically
healthy
unhealthy
obese
individuals.
Thermogenic
adipocytes
increase
energy
expenditure
via
mitochondrial
uncoupling
or
adenosine
triphosphate-consuming
futile
substrate
cycles,
while
functioning
sink
participating
crosstalk
with
other
organs.
Manipulation
provides
wealth
opportunities
intervene
combat
progression
associated
diseases.
We
discuss
current
treatment
modalities
for
obesity
including
incretin
hormone
analogs
touch
upon
emerging
strategies
therapeutic
potential
exosome-based
therapy,
pharmacological
activation
brown
beige
thermogenesis,
administration
inhibition
adipocyte-derived
factors.
Cell Metabolism,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
36(6), С. 1184 - 1203
Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2024
Futile
cycles
are
biological
phenomena
where
two
opposing
biochemical
reactions
run
simultaneously,
resulting
in
a
net
energy
loss
without
appreciable
productivity.
Such
state
was
presumed
to
be
aberration
and
thus
deemed
an
energy-wasting
"futile"
cycle.
However,
multiple
pieces
of
evidence
suggest
that
utilities
emerge
from
futile
cycles.
A
few
established
functions
control
metabolic
sensitivity,
modulate
homeostasis,
drive
adaptive
thermogenesis.
Yet,
the
physiological
regulation,
implication,
pathological
relevance
most
remain
poorly
studied.
In
this
review,
we
highlight
abundance
versatility
propose
classification
scheme.
We
further
discuss
energetic
implications
various
their
impact
on
basal
rate,
bona
fide
tentative
pathophysiological
implications,
putative
drug
interactions.
Cell Metabolism,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
36(9), С. 2130 - 2145.e7
Опубликована: Июль 30, 2024
Adipose
tissue
can
recruit
catabolic
adipocytes
that
utilize
chemical
energy
to
dissipate
heat.
This
process
occurs
either
by
uncoupled
respiration
through
uncoupling
protein
1
(UCP1)
or
utilizing
ATP-dependent
futile
cycles
(FCs).
However,
it
remains
unclear
how
these
pathways
coexist
since
both
processes
rely
on
the
mitochondrial
membrane
potential.
Utilizing
single-nucleus
RNA
sequencing
deconvolute
heterogeneity
of
subcutaneous
adipose
in
mice
and
humans,
we
identify
at
least
2
distinct
subpopulations
beige
adipocytes:
FC-adipocytes
UCP1-beige
adipocytes.
Importantly,
demonstrate
FC-adipocyte
subpopulation
is
highly
metabolically
active
utilizes
FCs
energy,
thus
contributing
thermogenesis
independent
Ucp1.
Furthermore,
are
important
drivers
systemic
homeostasis
linked
glucose
metabolism
obesity
resistance
humans.
Taken
together,
our
findings
a
noncanonical
thermogenic
adipocyte
subpopulation,
which
could
be
an
regulator
mammals.
Thermogenesis
in
beige/brown
adipose
tissues
can
be
leveraged
to
combat
metabolic
disorders
such
as
type
2
diabetes
and
obesity.
The
complement
system
plays
pleiotropic
roles
homeostasis
organismal
energy
balance
with
canonical
effects
on
immune
cells
noncanonical
nonimmune
cells.
adipsin/C3a/C3a
receptor
1
(C3aR1)
pathway
stimulates
insulin
secretion
sustains
pancreatic
β
cell
mass.
However,
its
role
thermogenesis
has
not
been
defined.
Here,
we
show
that
male
Adipsin/Cfd-knockout
mice
exhibited
increased
expenditure
white
tissue
(WAT)
browning.
In
addition,
adipocyte-specific
C3aR1-knockout
enhanced
WAT
respiration.
stark
contrast,
female
displayed
decreased
brown
fat
were
cold
intolerant.
Female
expressed
lower
levels
of
Adipsin
thermogenic
adipocytes
than
males.
C3aR1
was
also
subcutaneous
Collectively,
these
results
reveal
sexual
dimorphism
the
adipsin/C3a/C3aR1
axis
regulating
defense
against
stress.
Our
findings
establish
a
potentially
new
alternative
adaptive
highlight
sex-specific
considerations
potential
therapeutic
targets
for
diseases.
Animals,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
13(13), С. 2173 - 2173
Опубликована: Июль 1, 2023
Hypothermia
is
one
of
the
most
common
causes
mortality
in
neonates,
and
it
could
be
developed
after
birth
because
uterus
temperature
more
elevated
than
extrauterine
temperature.
Neonates
use
diverse
mechanisms
to
thermoregulate,
such
as
shivering
non-shivering
thermogenesis.
These
strategies
can
efficient
some
species,
but
not
others,
i.e.,
altricials,
which
have
greatest
difficulty
with
achieving
thermoneutrality.
In
addition,
there
are
anatomical
neurological
differences
mammals,
may
present
different
distributions
amounts
brown
fat.
This
article
aims
discuss
neuromodulation
thermoregulation
importance
fat
thermogenesis
newborn
emphasizing
analysis
biochemical,
physiological,
genetic
factors
that
determine
distribution,
amount,
efficiency
this
energy
resource
newborns
species.
It
has
been
concluded
vital
understand
minimize
hypothermia
newborns,
main
neonates.
would
beneficial
for
both
animals
producers.
