Recent advances on the molecular mechanisms of exercise-induced improvements of cognitive dysfunction

Translational Neurodegeneration, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 12(1)

Опубликована: Фев. 27, 2023

Abstract Physical exercise is of great significance for maintaining human health. Exercise can provide varying degrees benefits to cognitive function at all stages life cycle. Currently, with the aging world’s population and increase expectancy, dysfunction has gradually become a disease high incidence, which accompanied by neurodegenerative diseases in elderly individuals. Patients often exhibit memory loss, aphasia weakening orientation once diagnosed, are unable have normal life. Cognitive largely affects physical mental health, reduces quality life, causes economic burden society. At present, most interventions aimed maintain current level delay deterioration cognition. In contrast, as nonpharmacological therapy advantages its nontoxicity, low cost universal application. The molecular mechanisms underlying effect on cognition complex, studies been extensively centered neural plasticity, direct target brain. addition, mitochondrial stability energy metabolism essential brain status. Meanwhile, organ-brain axis responds induces release cytokines related this review, we summarize latest evidence effects cognition, point out directions future research.

Язык: Английский

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Neurotrophic Factors as Regenerative Therapy for Neurodegenerative Diseases: Current Status, Challenges and Future Perspectives

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 24(4), С. 3866 - 3866

Опубликована: Фев. 15, 2023

Neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's (PD), Huntington's (HD), multiple sclerosis (MS), spinal cord injury (SCI), and amyotrophic lateral (ALS), are characterized by acute or chronic progressive loss of one several neuronal subtypes. However, despite their increasing prevalence, little progress has been made in successfully treating these diseases. Research recently focused on neurotrophic factors (NTFs) as potential regenerative therapy for neurodegenerative Here, we discuss the current state knowledge, challenges, future perspectives NTFs with a direct effect inflammatory degenerative disorders. Various systems delivery NTFs, such stem immune cells, viral vectors, biomaterials, have applied to deliver exogenous central nervous system, promising results. The challenges that currently need be overcome include amount delivered, invasiveness route, blood-brain barrier permeability, occurrence side effects. Nevertheless, it is important continue research develop standards clinical applications. In addition use single complexity diseases may require combination therapies targeting pathways other possibilities using smaller molecules, NTF mimetics, effective treatment.

Язык: Английский

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The potential therapeutic effect of statins in multiple sclerosis: beneficial or detrimental effects

Inflammopharmacology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 31(4), С. 1671 - 1682

Опубликована: Май 9, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Pathogenic Role of Fibrinogen in the Neuropathology of Multiple Sclerosis: A Tale of Sorrows and Fears

Neurochemical Research, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 48(11), С. 3255 - 3269

Опубликована: Июль 13, 2023

Abstract Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune demyelinating neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS) due to injury myelin sheath by immune cells. The clotting factor fibrinogen involved in pathogenesis MS triggering microglia and progress neuroinflammation. Fibrinogen level correlated with severity; consequently, inhibition cascade may reduce neuropathology. Thus, this review aimed clarify potential role how targeting affects Accumulation CNS occur independently or disruption blood–brain barrier (BBB) integrity MS. acts as transduction increases activation which induces progression inflammation, oxidative stress, neuronal injury. Besides, brain impairs remyelination process inhibiting differentiation oligodendrocyte precursor These findings proposed that associated neuropathology through interruption BBB integrity, induction neuroinflammation, demyelination suppressing oligodendrocytes. Therefore, and/or CD11b/CD18 receptors metformin statins might decrease In conclusion, expression pro-inflammatory effect on

Язык: Английский

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Emerging imaging and liquid biomarkers in multiple sclerosis

European Journal of Immunology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 53(8)

Опубликована: Май 17, 2023

Abstract The advent of highly effective disease modifying therapy has transformed the landscape multiple sclerosis (MS) care over last two decades. However, there remains a critical, unmet need for sensitive and specific biomarkers to aid in diagnosis, prognosis, treatment monitoring, development new interventions, particularly people with progressive disease. This review evaluates current data several emerging imaging liquid MS. MRI findings such as central vein sign paramagnetic rim lesions may improve MS diagnostic accuracy evaluation efficacy Serum cerebrospinal fluid levels neuroglial proteins, neurofilament light chain glial fibrillary acidic protein, show potential be pathologic processes neuro‐axonal injury or glial‐inflammation. Additional promising biomarkers, including optical coherence tomography, cytokines chemokines, microRNAs, extracellular vesicles/exosomes, are also reviewed, among others. Beyond their integration into clinical interventional trials, these informative pathogenesis help elucidate novel targets strategies.

Язык: Английский

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Role of fenofibrate in multiple sclerosis

European journal of medical research, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 29(1)

Опубликована: Фев. 9, 2024

Abstract Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most frequent inflammatory and demyelinating disease of central nervous system (CNS). The underlying pathophysiology MS destruction myelin sheath by immune cells. formation plaques, inflammation, injury neuronal characterizes its neuropathology. plaques are multiple focal regions demyelination disseminated in brain's white matter, spinal cords, deep grey cerebral cortex. Fenofibrate a peroxisome proliferative activated receptor alpha (PPAR-α) that attenuates reactions MS. inhibits differentiation Th17 inhibiting expression pro-inflammatory signaling. According to these findings, this review intended illuminate mechanistic immunoinflammatory role fenofibrate mitigating In conclusion, can attenuate neuropathology modulating different pathways, including oxidative stress, autophagy, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammatory-signaling neuroinflammation.

Язык: Английский

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Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) as a Marker of Physical Exercise or Activity Effectiveness in Fatigue, Pain, Depression, and Sleep Disturbances: A Scoping Review

Biomedicines, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 13(2), С. 332 - 332

Опубликована: Янв. 31, 2025

Background/Objectives: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has been investigated as a potential mechanistic marker or therapeutic target to manage symptoms such fatigue, pain, depression, and sleep disturbances. However, the variability in BDNF response exercise physical activity (exercise/PA) its clinical relevance symptom management remains unclear. This scoping review assesses existing studies exploring relationships between exercise/PA, symptoms, levels, specifically focusing on disturbances adults. Methods: Relevant indexed PubMed CINAHL were identified. Using systematic software, two reviewers independently screened evaluated full texts, based following criteria: human reporting levels adults, using exercise/PA interventions, assessing (pain, and/or disturbance) outcomes, published English. Results: Of 950 records, 35 records met inclusion criteria. While is broadly supported for managing 74.3% (n = 26) of reported increased only 40% 14) showed significant increases exercise/PA. Only 14% 5) demonstrated relationship changes symptoms. No differences observed different types (e.g., aerobic vs. strength flexibility/stretching) PA. Conclusions: The current literature provides insufficient evidence confirm effectiveness Further investigations are needed validate target.

Язык: Английский

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The Role of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor in Immune-Related Diseases: A Narrative Review

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 11(20), С. 6023 - 6023

Опубликована: Окт. 12, 2022

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a neurotrophin regulating synaptic plasticity, neuronal excitability, and nociception. It seems to be one of the key molecules in interactions between central nervous system immune-related diseases, i.e., diseases with an inflammatory background unknown etiology, such as bowel or rheumatoid arthritis. Studies show that BDNF levels might change tissues serum patients during course these conditions, e.g., affecting cell survival modulating pain severity signaling pathways involving different neurotransmitters. Immune-related conditions often feature psychiatric comorbidities, sleep disorders (e.g., insomnia) symptoms depression/anxiety; may related well them it exert influence on structure; studies also have decreased levels, which increase after treatment. has vital role nociception, particularly chronic pain, hyperalgesia, allodynia, participating formation hypersensitization. In this review, we summarize current knowledge BDNF’s function sleep, pain. We discuss how affected by treatment what consequences changes beyond system.

Язык: Английский

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Effectiveness of high‐intensity interval training on peripheral brain‐derived neurotrophic factor in adults: A systematic review and network meta‐analysis

Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 34(1)

Опубликована: Сен. 20, 2023

Abstract Background High‐intensity interval training (HIIT) has emerged as an alternative method to increase brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels, a crucial molecule involved in plastic brain changes. Its effect compared moderate‐intensity continuous (MICT) is controversial. We aimed estimate, and comparatively evaluate, the acute chronic effects on peripheral BDNF levels after HIIT, MICT intervention or control condition adults. Methods The CINAHL, Cochrane, PubMed, PEDro, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) from inception June 30, 2023. A network meta‐analysis was performed assess HIIT versus condition, levels. Pooled standardized mean differences (SMDs) their 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) calculated RCTs using random‐effects model. Results total 22 selected systematic review, with 656 participants (aged 20.4–79 years, 34.0% females) 20 meta‐analysis. Network SMD estimates significant (1.49, CI: 0.61, 2.38) (1.08, 0.04, 2.12) acutely increase. However, pairwise comparisons only resulted condition. Conclusions best modality increasing may effectively long term.

Язык: Английский

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Identification and management of subclinical disease activity in early multiple sclerosis: a review

Journal of Neurology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 271(4), С. 1497 - 1514

Опубликована: Окт. 21, 2023

Abstract Importance Early treatment initiation in multiple sclerosis (MS) is crucial preventing irreversible neurological damage and disability progression. The current assessment of disease activity relies on relapse rates magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) lesion activity, but inclusion other early, often “hidden,” indicators may describe a more comprehensive picture MS. Observations MS than relapses MRI such as cognitive impairment, brain atrophy, fatigue, are not typically captured by routine monitoring. Furthermore, silent progression (neurological decline clearly standard methods) occur undetected Consequently, patients considered to have no actually worsening disease, suggesting need revise management strategies with respect timely escalation disease-modifying therapy (DMT). Traditionally, first-line starts low- or moderate-efficacy therapies, before escalating high-efficacy therapies (HETs) after evidence breakthrough activity. However, observational studies shown that early HETs can prevent reduce Ongoing randomized clinical trials comparing HET approaches. Conclusions relevance There an urgent reassess how measured. A greater awareness “hidden” indicators, potentially combined biomarkers reveal neurodegeneration underlying MS, would provide complete allow for therapeutic intervention switching DMTs address suboptimal responses.

Язык: Английский

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