Advanced Materials Technologies,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Май 20, 2025
Abstract
Planetary
gearboxes,
a
critical
component
in
industrial
transmission
systems,
present
significant
challenges
for
condition‐monitoring
technologies
owing
to
their
complex
motion
characteristics.
Traditional
monitoring
methods
are
often
susceptible
environmental
noise
interference
and
rely
on
external
power
supply
complicating
maintenance
increasing
costs.
This
study
presents
an
situ
sensing
system
planetary
gearboxes
using
floating
freestanding‐layer‐mode
triboelectric
nanogenerator
(FF‐TENG)
integrated
the
side
of
planet
gear.
By
utilizing
inherent
axial
micromotion
characteristics
during
operation,
employs
floating‐electrode
structure
with
adaptive
gap
adjustment
prevent
contact
wear
between
electrode
dielectric
layer,
which
significantly
enhances
durability.
Key
parameters
systematically
analyzed
examine
FF‐TENG's
output
working
mechanism.
The
FF‐TENG
exhibited
outstanding
speed‐monitoring
capabilities
across
diverse
rotational
speeds.
Furthermore,
local
maximum
mean
discrepancy
improved
transformer
encoder
model
is
designed.
achieved
98.4%
accuracy
fault
diagnosis
different
speeds
modes.
Then,
applied
gearbox
robotic
arm,
realizing
its
behavior.
research
introduces
self‐powered
TENG,
providing
new
approach
rotating
machinery
sensing.
Triboelectric
nanogenerators
(TENGs),
as
a
revolutionary
energy-harvesting
technology,
have
garnered
widespread
attention
in
the
scientific
community
for
their
efficient
conversion
of
mechanical
energy
into
electrical
energy.
This
article
first
outlines
five
working
modes
TENGs:
vertical
contact-separation
mode,
horizontal
sliding
single-electrode
independent
layer
and
free-standing
rotating
elaborates
on
principles
detail.
Subsequently,
this
delves
application
examples
TENGs
wearable
health
monitoring
devices,
implantable
medical
environmental
monitoring,
fully
demonstrating
vast
potential
TENG
technology
monitoring.
In
addition,
analyzes
advantages
including
its
self-powered
characteristics,
high
sensitivity,
good
biocompatibility,
while
also
pointing
out
challenges
that
it
faces,
such
improving
long-term
stability,
enhancing
efficiency,
adaptability.
review
aims
to
explore
progress
analyze
challenges,
look
forward
future
development
directions.
Through
systematic
analysis
existing
literature,
will
provide
researchers
developers
with
in-depth
insights
guiding
research
product
development.
Triboelectric
nanogenerators
(TENGs)
are
emerging
as
transformative
technologies
for
sustainable
energy
harvesting
and
precision
sensing,
offering
eco-friendly
power
generation
from
mechanical
motion.
They
harness
while
enabling
self-sustaining
sensing
self-powered
devices.
However,
challenges
such
material
optimization,
fabrication
techniques,
design
strategies,
output
stability
must
be
addressed
to
fully
realize
their
practical
potential.
Artificial
intelligence
(AI),
with
its
capabilities
in
advanced
data
analysis,
pattern
recognition,
adaptive
responses,
is
revolutionizing
fields
like
healthcare,
industrial
automation,
smart
infrastructure.
When
integrated
TENGs,
AI
can
overcome
current
limitations
by
enhancing
output,
stability,
adaptability.
This
review
explores
the
synergistic
potential
of
AI-driven
TENG
systems,
optimizing
materials
embedding
machine
learning
deep
algorithms
intelligent
real-time
sensing.
These
advancements
enable
improved
harvesting,
predictive
maintenance,
dynamic
performance
making
TENGs
more
across
industries.
The
also
identifies
key
future
research
directions,
including
development
low-power
algorithms,
materials,
hybrid
robust
security
protocols
AI-enhanced
solutions.
The
urgent
need
for
efficient
water
energy
harvesting
has
led
to
the
development
of
triboelectric
nanogenerators
(TENGs).
In
this
study,
considering
droplet
spreading
dynamics
and
capacitive
effects
in
a
droplet-driven
TENG
(DD-TENG)
device,
an
inverse
relationship
between
width
top
electrode
output
voltage
was
derived
first
time
through
circuit
model
experimentally
verified.
Additionally,
key
performance
parameters
were
optimized,
including
types
widths
electrodes,
dropping
height,
inclination
angle
solution
types.
A
nonmonotonic
device
established.
Under
optimal
conditions,
DD-TENG
achieved
1133%
increase
compared
that
without
electrode.
power
density
reached
1265
mW·m–2,
which
is
among
state-of-the-art
devices.
These
findings
provide
valuable
insights
improvement
DD-TENGs.
