Oxytocin and love: Myths, metaphors and mysteries

Comprehensive Psychoneuroendocrinology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 9, С. 100107 - 100107

Опубликована: Дек. 27, 2021

Oxytocin is a peptide molecule with multitude of physiological and behavioral functions. Based on its association reproduction - including social bonding, sexual behavior, birth maternal behavior oxytocin also has been called "the love hormone." This essay specifically examines parallels between love. However, many myths gaps in knowledge remain concerning both. A few these are described here we hypothesize that the potential benefits both may be better understood light interactions more ancient systems, vasopressin immune system. anti-inflammatory associated recently evolved, solutions to variety challenges necessary for mammalian survival reproduction. The shared functions have profound implications health longevity, prevention treatment excess inflammation related disorders, especially those occurring early life during periods chronic threat or disease.

Язык: Английский

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Epigenetic analyses in forensic medicine: future and challenges

International Journal of Legal Medicine, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 138(3), С. 701 - 719

Опубликована: Янв. 20, 2024

Abstract The possibility of using epigenetics in forensic investigation has gradually risen over the last few years. Epigenetic changes with their dynamic nature can either be inherited or accumulated throughout a lifetime and reversible, prompting use across various fields. In sciences, multiple applications have been proposed, such as discrimination monozygotic twins, identifying source biological trace left at crime scene, age prediction, determination body fluids tissues, human behavior association, wound healing progression, post-mortem interval (PMI). Despite all these applications, not studies considered impact PMI post-sampling effects on epigenetic modifications tissue-specificity marks. This review aims to highlight substantial significance that could support investigations. First, basic concepts epigenetics, describing main functions, particular, DNA methylation, histone modifications, non-coding RNA, particular focus were covered. For each marker, stability tissue-specificity, factors should carefully study biomarkers context, discussed. advantages limitations tissues also addressed, proposing directions for innovative strategies analyze specimens.

Язык: Английский

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Drug addiction and treatment: An epigenetic perspective

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 170, С. 115951 - 115951

Опубликована: Дек. 3, 2023

Drug addiction is a complex disease affected by numerous genetic and environmental factors. Brain regions in reward pathway, neuronal adaptations, epigenetic interactions causing transcriptional enhancement or repression of multiple genes induce different phenotypes for varying duration. Addictive drug use causes alterations similarly changes induced environment can promote addiction. Epigenetic mechanisms include DNA methylation post-translational modifications like methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, ubiquitylation, sumoylation, dopaminylation crotonylation histones, ADP-ribosylation. Non-coding RNAs also changes. This review discusses these above areas stresses the need exploring epidrugs as treatment alternative adjunct, considering limited success current strategies. Epigenome editing complexes have lately been effective eukaryotic systems. Targeted cleavage techniques such CRISPR-Cas9 system, CRISPR-dCas9 complexes, transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) zinc-finger (ZFNs) exploited targeted recognition anchoring platforms, fused with writer eraser proteins delivered transfection transduction methods. Efficacy seen various neuropsychiatric conditions initial results involving model organisms are remarkable. Epidrugs present promising

Язык: Английский

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Childhood obsessive-compulsive disorder, epigenetics, and heterochrony: An evolutionary and developmental approach

Development and Psychopathology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 1 - 15

Опубликована: Март 18, 2025

Abstract Childhood obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) stems from a bunch of restricted and repetitive behaviors, which are part normal behavioral repertoire up to the age 7. The persistence compulsive-like behaviors after that is often associated with unique comorbidity patterns, age-at-onset dependent reflect different developmental stages. In particular, OCD synchronically co-occurs broad constellation neurodevelopmental disorders, whereas diachronically it related an increased risk major adult psychoses. Moreover, trait-like sensory phenomena, suggesting common disrupted sensorimotor grounding. present study aimed at exploring hypothesis this specific temporal profile may be due heterochronic mechanism delay in attenuation ontogenetically early patterns. shift highly evolutionarily conserved phenotypes might regulated by epigenetic changes induced conditions unbalance. This evolutionary model allows capturing childhood light ultimate causes ritual behavior throughout phylogeny, namely its “homeostatic” function over unpredictability. have important clinical implications, as symptoms could represent putative biomarkers divergent trajectories, pathoplastic effect on course outcome.

Язык: Английский

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Fathers’ Cocaine Use and Parent–Child Feeding Interactions

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 14(4), С. 1148 - 1148

Опубликована: Фев. 10, 2025

Background: Limited research has explored father-child interactions during feeding in dyads where fathers use cocaine, despite the critical role these play infant development. Methods: This study aimed to evaluate whether paternal cocaine use, psychopathology (measured via SCL-90/R), and difficult child temperament (assessed using QUIT) are linked lower-quality (evaluated through SVIA) compared with non-substance-using fathers. Results: Father-child substance-using (SU) group were significantly poorer quality than those (NSU) group. Fathers displayed elevated SCL-90/R scores, particularly hostility, anxiety, depression. Maternal anxiety exacerbated interactional conflict feeding. Furthermore, SU group, higher psychoticism predicted (as indicated by three SVIA subscales) but only when combined levels of children's Negative Emotionality. Conclusions: highlights significant challenges faced maintaining high-quality interactions, emphasizing detrimental impact psychopathology, maternal on caregiving dynamics.

Язык: Английский

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Longitudinal links from attachment with mothers and fathers to adolescent substance use: Internalizing and externalizing pathways

Developmental Science, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Июнь 21, 2024

Abstract The present study examined whether internalizing and externalizing symptoms may mediate the association between adolescent–mother adolescent–father attachment substance use. sample included 167 adolescents (47% girls) who were assessed at five time points with approximately 1 year each assessment, beginning in middle adolescence ( M age = 14.07) ending transition to young adulthood 18.39). reported their perceived both mother father during (Times 2), late 3 4), alcohol use (Time 5). results showed that less secure attachment, but not was predictive of heightened symptoms. In turn, Despite nonsignificant direct use, indirectly greater mediated through findings highlight importance close trusting father–adolescent relationships development psychopathology behaviors. developmental cascade from a as well implications for prevention intervention adult are discussed. Research Highlights differential pathways known. Longitudinal data used test Less predicted symptoms, suggest addressing insecure fathers reduce unhealthy adulthood.

Язык: Английский

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Methylation and expression quantitative trait locus rs6296 in the HTR1B gene is associated with susceptibility to opioid use disorder

Psychopharmacology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 239(8), С. 2515 - 2523

Опубликована: Апрель 19, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Divergent emotional and autonomic responses to Cyberball in patients with opioid use disorder on opioid agonist treatment

Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 231, С. 173619 - 173619

Опубликована: Авг. 19, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Tailoring parenting styles and family-based interventions cross-culturally as an effective prevention strategy for youth substance use: a scoping review

Annals of Medicine and Surgery, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 86(1), С. 257 - 270

Опубликована: Ноя. 1, 2023

Background: The challenge of substance use among youth continues to be a highly concerning public health issue across the globe. notion that parenting lifestyles and family-based intervention can help in prevention adolescent have received robust attention from policy makers, researchers’ clinicians general public, nonetheless, there is scarcity high quality evidence support these concepts. Objective: To review available literature which assessed effects styles interventions on use. Methods: A scoping identify studies published English between 2012 2022 was conducted searching Scopus, MEDLINE, PsychInfo, CINAHL databases focused Keywords strategies possible outcomes were coded results, discussion, or conclusion. Strategies inductively categorized into themes according focus strategy. Results: total 47 studies, language included. Narrative synthesis illustrated parental involvement, restriction mature-rated content, monitoring, authoritative styles, knowledge On contrary, poor parent-child bonding, overprotection, permissive parenting, frustrations, authoritarian harsh promoted disorders. Proximal risk factors like peer influence, previous other substances, risky behaviours had more effect than just styles. Culturally tailored such as “Preventive Parenting”, “Parent Training”, Involvement”, with “Technology Assisted Intervention”, particularly “SMART “(Substance Misuse Adolescents Residential Treatment) are found effective mitigate youth. Conclusion: behavioural psychosocial considered most prevent disorders

Язык: Английский

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Mentalization in young patients undergoing opioid agonist treatment: Implications for clinical management

Addictive Behaviors Reports, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 17, С. 100497 - 100497

Опубликована: Май 18, 2023

Mentalization is the ability to use internal mental states manage and understand one's own others' behavior. Inefficient mentalization has been associated poor neuropsychological outcomes, including substance disorder (SUD) addiction. However, studies primarily investigating in SUD are lacking. Using Reflective Functioning Questionnaire (RFQ), Measurements Addictions for Triage Evaluation, version 2.1 (MATE-IT-2.1), Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview, 7th edition (MINI-7), an outpatient assessment investigated inefficient (i.e., 'hypo-mentalization' or 'uncertainty': concrete thinking with attribution of states; 'hyper-mentalization' 'certainty': rigid biased states) socio-demographic clinical characteristics, SUD-related symptoms any other psychiatric comorbidity, among opioid addiction (OA) patients Opioid Agonist Treatment (OAT). Thirty-seven consecutive OA OAT (female, 45.9 %; age, M ± SD, 24.3 3.55) were recruited. Patients' differed from normative data, terms higher uncertainty lower certainty scores. Also, score was found younger those most severe craving need care. Finally, a more abuse, previous contacts pediatric mental-health services, receiving therapeutic community support. present burden severity, comorbidities, psychosocial disabilities, service use, important public health implications. Interventions targeting may have positive repercussions preventing SUD, mitigating its containing healthcare social costs.

Язык: Английский

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