The maltreated eco-phenotype of eating disorders: A new diagnostic specifier? A systematic review of the evidence and comprehensive description

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 160, С. 105619 - 105619

Опубликована: Март 9, 2024

This systematic review aimed to summarize the evidence on existence of a distinct phenotypic expression Eating Disorders (EDs) associated with childhood maltreatment (CM), so-called maltreated eco-phenotype EDs. PRISMA standards were followed. Articles providing data about characteristics individuals an ED reporting CM included. Relevant results extracted and summarized. A quality assessment was performed. total 1207 records identified screened, 97 articles published between 1994 2023 Findings revealed biological clinical features in patients EDs CM, including neuroanatomical changes, altered stress responses, ghrelin levels, inflammation markers, gut microbiota composition. Clinically, correlated severer eating behaviors, higher psychiatric comorbidity, impulsivity, emotional dysregulation, risky behaviors. Additionally, poorer treatment outcomes, especially general psychopathology comorbidities. highlighted need move towards etiologically informed nosography, recognizing not merely as risk factor, but also etiologic agent shaping different eco-phenotypic variants

Язык: Английский

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Cellular signaling pathways as plastic, proto-cognitive systems: Implications for biomedicine

Patterns, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 4(5), С. 100737 - 100737

Опубликована: Апрель 26, 2023

Many aspects of health and disease are modeled using the abstraction a "pathway"—a set protein or other subcellular activities with specified functional linkages between them. This metaphor is paradigmatic case deterministic, mechanistic framework that focuses biomedical intervention strategies on altering members this network up-/down-regulation links them—rewiring molecular hardware. However, pathways transcriptional networks exhibit interesting unexpected capabilities such as trainability (memory) information processing in context-sensitive manner. Specifically, they may be amenable to manipulation via their history stimuli (equivalent experiences behavioral science). If true, would enable new class interventions target dynamic physiological "software" implemented by gene-regulatory networks. Here, we briefly review clinical laboratory data show how high-level cognitive inputs pathway modulation interact determine outcomes vivo. Further, propose an expanded view from perspective basal cognition argue broader understanding process contextual across scales will catalyze progress many areas physiology neurobiology. We fuller functionality tractability must go beyond focus details drug structure encompass well embedding within higher levels organization organism, numerous implications for science addressing disease. Exploiting tools concepts sciences explore proto-cognitive underlying more than philosophical stance biochemical processes; at stake roadmap overcoming limitations today's pharmacological inferring future therapeutic wide range states.

Язык: Английский

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Neuroendocrine mechanisms in the links between early life stress, affect, and youth substance use: A conceptual model for the study of sex and gender differences

Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 73, С. 101121 - 101121

Опубликована: Янв. 20, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Deciphering Depression: Epigenetic Mechanisms and Treatment Strategies

Biology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 13(8), С. 638 - 638

Опубликована: Авг. 20, 2024

Depression, a significant mental health disorder, is under intense research scrutiny to uncover its molecular foundations. Epigenetics, which focuses on controlling gene expression without altering DNA sequences, offers promising avenues for innovative treatment. This review explores the pivotal role of epigenetics in depression, emphasizing two key aspects: (I) identifying epigenetic targets new antidepressants and (II) using personalized medicine based distinct profiles, highlighting potential focal points such as methylation, histone structure alterations, non-coding RNA molecules miRNAs. Variations methylation individuals with depression provide opportunities target genes that are associated neuroplasticity synaptic activity. Aberrant acetylation may indicate antidepressant strategies involve enzyme modifications. Modulating miRNA levels can reshape depression-linked expression. The second section discusses profiles. Analyzing these patterns could identify biomarkers treatment response susceptibility facilitating tailored treatments proactive care. Addressing ethical concerns regarding information, privacy stigmatization, crucial understanding biological basis depression. Therefore, researchers must consider issues when examining disorders. importance critical aspect modern medical research. These findings hold great novel medications treatments, would significantly improve patient outcomes, transform psychiatry. As progresses, it expected more complex aspects processes enhance our comprehension, increase effectiveness therapies.

Язык: Английский

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Epigenetic Changes Associated with Different Types of Stressors and Suicide

Cells, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 12(9), С. 1258 - 1258

Опубликована: Апрель 26, 2023

Stress is associated with various epigenetic changes. Some stress-induced changes are highly dynamic, whereas others lasting marks on the epigenome. In our study, a comprehensive narrative review of literature was performed by investigating that occur acute stress, chronic early childhood and traumatic stress exposures, along examining those observed in post-mortem brains or blood samples suicide completers attempters. addition, transgenerational effects these reported. For all types studies examined, genes Nr3c1, OXTR, SLC6A4, BDNF reproducibly showed changes, some modifications to be passed down subsequent generations following exposures. The aforementioned known involved neuronal development hormonal regulation susceptibility mental health disorders including depression, anxiety, personality disorders, PTSD (post-traumatic disorder). Further research warranted order determine scope actionable targets individuals suffering from long-lasting stressful experiences.

Язык: Английский

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Potential mechanisms of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) in major depressive disorder: a systematic review

General Psychiatry, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 36(4), С. e100946 - e100946

Опубликована: Авг. 1, 2023

Background Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a frequent and prominent phenomenon in major depressive disorder (MDD). Even though its prevalence risk factors are relatively well understood, the potential mechanisms of NSSI MDD remain elusive. Aims To review present evidence related to MDD. Methods According Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews Meta-Analyses 2020 guidelines, articles this systematic were searched on Medline (through PubMed), Embase Elsevier), PsycINFO OVID) Web Science databases English articles, as China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), SinoMed, Wanfang Data, Chongqing VIP Chinese Technology Periodical (VIP) Databases published from date inception 2 August 2022. Two researchers (BW, HZ) independently screened studies based inclusion exclusion criteria assessed their quality. Results A total 25 157 searched. Only them ultimately included, containing 3336 subjects (1535 patients with NSSI, 1403 without 398 HCs). Included divided into 6 categories: psychosocial (11 studies), neuroimaging (8 stress hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis (2 pain perception (1 study), electroencephalogram (EEG) studies) epigenetics study). Conclusions This indicates that might have specific factors, aberrant brain functions neurochemical metabolisms, HPA dysfunctions, abnormal perceptions epigenetic alterations.

Язык: Английский

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Intervening After Trauma: Child–Parent Psychotherapy Treatment Is Associated With Lower Pediatric Epigenetic Age Acceleration

Psychological Science, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 35(9), С. 1062 - 1073

Опубликована: Авг. 14, 2024

Early-life adversity increases the risk of health problems. Interventions supporting protective and responsive caregiving offer a promising approach to attenuating adversity-induced changes in stress-sensitive biomarkers. This study tested whether participation an evidence-based dyadic psychosocial intervention, child-parent psychotherapy (CPP), was related lower epigenetic age acceleration, trauma-sensitive biomarker accelerated biological aging that is associated with later impairment, sample children trauma histories. Within this quasi-experimental, repeated-measures study, we examined acceleration at baseline postintervention low-income receiving CPP treatment (

Язык: Английский

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Long‐term effects of childhood trauma subtypes on adult brain function

Brain and Behavior, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 13(5)

Опубликована: Март 27, 2023

Abstract Introduction Childhood trauma is prevalent in our society, whereas little known about why and how different forms of early traumatic experiences exert long‐term effects on differential brain function adulthood. Purpose This study aimed to scale experience‐specific neural correlates distinct subtypes childhood trauma. Methods We used resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging data from 216 adults with degrees Graph analysis was combined the Trauma Questionnaire inspect impact brain. Results found that have a detrimental effect depression anxiety behavior. On one hand, neglect scores were positively associated network transmission efficiency regions involved cognitive executive functions, such as temporal lobe, insular cortex, parahippocampal gyrus. other abuse tightly linked reorganizations mediated by immature ego defense system damaged emotion representation. Specifically, visual, auditory, linguistic, motor cortex. Isolated communications cortex supplementary related emotional physical scores. Conclusions Our showed associations abusive neglectful These could underpin potentially risks specific psychiatric sequelae More attentions maltreated children timely psychological treatment are needed reduce incidence psychosis.

Язык: Английский

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Prenatal maternal stress in rats alters the epigenetic and transcriptomic landscape of the maternal-fetal interface across four generations

Communications Biology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 8(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 10, 2025

Язык: Английский

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On how to feed critically ill children in intensive care: a slowly shifting paradigm

Clinical Nutrition, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 46, С. 169 - 180

Опубликована: Фев. 6, 2025

Critically ill children requiring treatment in a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) suffer from anorexia and/or feeding intolerance. The resulting macronutrient deficit associates with poor outcome. Until recently, this association formed the basis for initiating enteral or parenteral early to improve multicenter "Early-versus-Late-Parenteral-Nutrition-in-the-Pediatric-Intensive-Care-Unit" randomized controlled trial (PEPaNIC-RCT) addressed whether is causal. It showed that supplementation of insufficient/contraindicated nutrition nutrition, as compared accepting throughout first week PICU, did not On contrary, it caused more infections and prolonged organ support PICU stay, adversely affected neurodevelopmental outcomes 2 4 years later. Harm was present all subgroups appeared explained by dose, specifically amino-acid lipid glucose doses. These findings corroborated results large-scale adult RCTs. Mechanisms harm enhanced comprised suppressed cellular repair pathways like autophagy ketogenesis, illness-induced alterations thyroid hormone metabolism, iatrogenic hyperglycemia, increased urea cycle activity through anabolic resistance, induction epigenetic modifications mediate longer-term developmental impairments. came unexpected many intensivists. Hence, paradigm has only slowly begun shift toward restrictive administration acute phase critical illness. Benefits fasting responses have become clear, provided micronutrients are given prevent deficiencies refeeding syndrome. insights open perspectives studies investigating novel nutritional strategies activate fasting-induced while avoiding starvation.

Язык: Английский

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