Prefrontal cortex as a key node in arousal circuitry

Trends in Neurosciences, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 45(10), С. 722 - 732

Опубликована: Авг. 19, 2022

The role of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) in mechanism consciousness is a matter active debate. Most theoretical and empirical investigations have focused on whether PFC critical for content (i.e., qualitative aspects conscious experience). However, there emerging evidence that, addition to its well-established roles cognition, key regulator level global state arousal). In this opinion article we review recent data supporting hypothesis that medial node arousal-promoting networks.

Язык: Английский

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Prefrontal modulation of anxiety through a lens of noradrenergic signaling

Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 17

Опубликована: Апрель 17, 2023

Anxiety disorders are the most common class of mental illness in U.S., affecting 40 million individuals annually. is an adaptive response to a stressful or unpredictable life event. Though evolutionarily thought aid survival, excess intensity duration anxiogenic can lead plethora adverse symptoms and cognitive dysfunction. A wealth data has implicated medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) regulation anxiety. Norepinephrine (NE) crucial neuromodulator arousal vigilance believed be responsible for many anxiety disorders. NE synthesized locus coeruleus (LC), which sends major noradrenergic inputs mPFC. Given unique properties LC-mPFC connections heterogeneous subpopulation neurons known involved regulating anxiety-like behaviors, likely modulates PFC function cell-type circuit-specific manner. In working memory stress response, follows inverted-U model, where overly high low release associated with sub-optimal neural functioning. contrast, based on current literature review individual contributions disorders, we propose model level- adrenergic receptor-dependent, NE-PFC modulation Further, advent new techniques measure unprecedented spatial temporal resolution will significantly help us understand how

Язык: Английский

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Deciphering Consciousness: The Role of Corticothalamocortical Interactions in General Anesthesia

Pharmacological Research, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 212, С. 107593 - 107593

Опубликована: Янв. 8, 2025

General anesthesia is administered to millions of individuals each year, however, the precise mechanism by which it induces unconsciousness remains unclear. While some theories suggest that shares similarities with natural sleep, targeting sleep-promoting areas and inhibiting arousal nuclei, recent research indicates a more complex process. Emerging evidence highlights critical role corticothalamocortical circuits, are involved in higher cognitive functions, controlling states modulating transitions between different conscious during anesthesia. The administration general anesthetics disrupts connectivity within these resulting reversible state unconsciousness. This review elucidates how impair interactions, thereby affecting flow information across various cortical layers disrupting higher-order functions while preserving basic sensory processing. Additionally, prefrontal cortex regulating through both top-down bottom-up pathways was examined. These findings highlight intricate interplay subcortical networks maintaining restoring consciousness under anesthesia, offering potential therapeutic targets for enhancing management.

Язык: Английский

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Cortico-subcortical networks that determine behavioral memory renewal are redefined by noradrenergic neuromodulation

Scientific Reports, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 15(1)

Опубликована: Март 20, 2025

Abstract During spatial appetitive extinction learning (EL), rodents learn that previously rewarded behavior is no longer rewarded. Renewal of the extinguished enabled by re-exposure to context in which occurred. When renewal response (RR) unrewarded, it rapidly followed (RE). Although hippocampus known be engaged, whether this dynamic supported different brain networks unclear. To clarify this, male rats engaged context-dependent memory acquisition, EL and RR testing a T-Maze. Fluorescence situ hybridization disambiguated somatic immediate early gene expression neuronal somata or RE. Graph analysis revealed pronounced hippocampal connectivity with retrosplenial prefrontal cortex (PFC) during initial RR. By contrast, RE was accompanied shift towards elevated coordinated activity within all subfields. Given β-adrenergic receptors (β-AR) regulate memory, we activated β-AR further scrutinize these network effects. This enhanced prevented Effects were associated initially increased thalamic-hippocampus activity, decrease intraconnectivity predominance PFC. Our findings highlight critical hippocampal-cortical-thalamic underpins behavior, noradrenergic neuromodulation playing pivotal role governing circuit’s dynamics.

Язык: Английский

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Chronic restraint stress induces depression-like behaviors and alterations in the afferent projections of medial prefrontal cortex from multiple brain regions in mice

Brain Research Bulletin, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 213, С. 110981 - 110981

Опубликована: Май 21, 2024

The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) forms output pathways through projection neurons, inversely receiving adjacent and long-range inputs from other brain regions. However, how afferent neurons of mPFC are affected by chronic stress needs to be clarified. In this study, the effects restraint (CRS) on distribution density dendrites/dendritic spines projections subcortical regions were investigated.

Язык: Английский

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Chronic stress deficits in reward behaviour co-occur with low nucleus accumbens dopamine activity during reward anticipation specifically

Communications Biology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 7(1)

Опубликована: Авг. 9, 2024

Whilst reward pathologies are major and common in stress-related neuropsychiatric disorders, their neurobiology treatment poorly understood. Imaging studies human pathology indicate attenuated BOLD activity nucleus accumbens (NAc) coincident with anticipation but not reinforcement; potentially, this is dopamine (DA) related. In mice, chronic social stress (CSS) leads to reduced learning motivation. Here, DA-sensor fibre photometry used investigate whether these behavioural deficits co-occur altered NAc DA during and/or reinforcement. CSS mice relative controls: (1) Reduced discriminative of the sequence, tone-on + appetitive behaviour = sucrose reinforcement, co-occurs throughout (2) motivation operant delivery at typical (3) sociosexual female Therefore, low could account for motivation, important implications understanding pathology. conditioned combined reveals that causes specifically, a finding anhedonia.

Язык: Английский

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Alcohol, flexible behavior, and the prefrontal cortex: Functional changes underlying impaired cognitive flexibility

Neuropharmacology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 260, С. 110114 - 110114

Опубликована: Авг. 10, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Optogenetic fMRI for Brain-Wide Circuit Analysis of Sensory Processing

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 23(20), С. 12268 - 12268

Опубликована: Окт. 14, 2022

Sensory processing is a complex neurological process that receives, integrates, and responds to information from one's own body environment, which closely related survival as well disorders. Brain-wide networks of sensory are difficult investigate due their dynamic regulation by multiple brain circuits. Optogenetics, neuromodulation technique uses light-sensitive proteins, can be combined with functional magnetic resonance imaging (ofMRI) measure whole-brain activity. Since ofMRI has increasingly been used for investigating circuits underlying over decade, we systematically reviewed recent studies discussed the challenges optogenetic fMRI in rodents.

Язык: Английский

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Long-Term Outcomes of Adolescent THC Exposure on Translational Cognitive Measures in Adulthood in an Animal Model and Computational Assessment of Human Data

JAMA Psychiatry, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 80(1), С. 66 - 66

Опубликована: Ноя. 23, 2022

Although perceived as relatively harmless and nonaddictive, adolescent cannabis use significantly increases the likelihood of developing disorder in adulthood, especially for high-potency cannabis. Risky decision-making is associated with chronic use, but given confounds human studies, it remains unclear whether exposure Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) potency specifically predicts risky or influences cognitive response to drug later life.To leverage a data set users rat model evaluate long-term outcomes THC on adult impulse control.This translational study tested link between adulthood decision-making. A reanalysis previously published dataset was conducted phenotypes. Computational modeling assessed animal results single framework. Data were collected from 2017 2020 analyzed 2022.Decision-making measured by Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) Rat (rGT). Impulse control model. used determine reward punishment learning rates strategy THC-exposed rats. Cell-specific molecular measures prefrontal cortex amygdala.Of 37 participants, 24 (65%) male, mean (SD) age 33.0 (8.3) years. Chronic (n = 22; [SE] IGT score, -5.182 [1.262]) showed disadvantageous compared controls 15; 7.133 [2.687]; Cohen d 1.436). choice increased (mean score: user, 0.170 [0.018]; control, 0.046 [0.008]; 1.895) favoring exploration vs gains 0.088 [0.012]; 0.020 [0.002]; 2.218). Rats exposed high-dose not low-dose during adolescence also rGT vehicle, 46.17 [7.02]; THC, 69.45 [6.01]; 21.97 [11.98]; 0.433) elevated 0.17 [0.01]; 0.10 0.24 [0.06]; 1.541) task acquisition. These animals uniquely susceptible impairments after reexposure which correlated even greater (r -0.525; P < .001) shift 0.502; .001), similar seen users. Molecular studies revealed that dose differentially affected cannabinoid-1 receptor messenger RNA expression prelimbic basolateral amygdala layer- cell-specific manner. Further, astrocyte glial fibrillary acidic protein deficits apparent reexposure.In this study, vulnerability re-exposure. suggest astrocytes cognition altogether provides important insights regarding neurobiological genesis may help promote prevention treatment efforts.

Язык: Английский

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Prelimbic and infralimbic medial prefrontal cortex neuron activity signals cocaine seeking variables across multiple timescales

Psychopharmacology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 240(3), С. 575 - 594

Опубликована: Дек. 5, 2022

Язык: Английский

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