Action sequence learning, habits, and automaticity in obsessive-compulsive disorder

eLife, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 12

Опубликована: Май 9, 2024

This study investigates the goal/habit imbalance theory of compulsion in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), which postulates enhanced habit formation, increased automaticity, and impaired arbitration. It directly tests these hypotheses using newly developed behavioral tasks. First, OCD patients healthy participants were trained daily for a month smartphone app to perform chunked action sequences. Despite similar procedural learning attainment habitual performance (measured by an objective automaticity criterion) both groups, self-reported higher subjective tendencies via recently questionnaire. Subsequently, re-evaluation task assessing choices between established automatic novel goal-directed actions, groups sensitive based on monetary feedback. However, patients, especially those with compulsive symptoms tendencies, showed clear preference trained/habitual sequences when physical effort, possibly due their attributed intrinsic value. These also used habit-training more extensively reported symptom relief post-study. The tendency attribute value familiar actions may be potential mechanism leading compulsions important addition hypothesis OCD. We highlight training as reversal therapeutic tool.

Язык: Английский

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A role for the dorsolateral striatum in prospective action control

iScience, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 27(6), С. 110044 - 110044

Опубликована: Май 21, 2024

Highlights•Inhibition of the dorsolateral striatum (DLS) results in perseverative behavior•This behavior is habit-like and occurs multiple task changes•DLS inhibition can both decrease increase speed depending on changesSummaryThe important for performing actions persistently, even when it becomes suboptimal, reflecting a function that reflexive habitual. However, there are also ways which persistent behaviors result from more prospective, planning mode behavior. To help tease apart these possibilities DLS function, we trained animals to perform lever press reward then inhibited key test phases: as shifted 1-press 3-press rule (upshift), was maintained, back one-press (downshift), rewards came independent pressing. During inhibition, always favored their initially learned strategy just once, particularly so during free-reward period. surprisingly changed performance bidirectionally shifts. thus encouraged habitual behavior, suggesting could normally adapt changing conditions.Graphical abstract

Язык: Английский

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Hippocampal neuroinflammation causes sex-specific disruptions in instrumental conditioning, Pavlovian approach, and neuronal excitation

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Май 20, 2024

Abstract Hippocampal neuroinflammation is present in multiple diseases and disorders that impact motivated behaviour a sex-specific manner, but whether alone sufficient to disrupt such unknown. We investigated this question here using mice. First, the application of an endotoxin primary cultures containing only hippocampal neurons did not affect their activation. However, when same was applied mixed neuronal/glial it increase neuronal activation, providing initial indications how might be able effect behavioural change. next demonstrated neuroinflammatory effects on directly, demonstrating intra-hippocampal administration increased locomotor activity accelerated goal-directed learning both male female In contrast, caused disruptions acquisition instrumental actions Pavlovian food-approach memories. Finally, we showed had sexually dimorphic activation: increasing females decreasing males.

Язык: Английский

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Cognitive Computational Model Reveals Repetition Bias in a Sequential Decision-Making Task

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Май 31, 2024

Abstract Humans tend to repeat past actions due rewarding outcomes. Recent computational models propose that the probability of selecting a specific action is also, in part, based on how often this was selected before, independent previous outcomes or reward. However, these new so far lack empirical support. Here, we present evidence repetition bias using novel sequential decision-making task and modeling reveal influence choice frequency human value-based choices. Specifically, find decisions can be best explained by concurrent both goal-directed reward seeking bias. We also show participants differ substantially their strength, relate measures performance. The enables way measure decision-making. These findings serve as basis for further experimental studies interplay between rewards history

Язык: Английский

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Cortico‐striatal white‐matter connectivity underlies the ability to exert goal‐directed control

European Journal of Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 60(4), С. 4518 - 4535

Опубликована: Июль 7, 2024

The balance between goal-directed and habitual control has been proposed to determine the flexibility of instrumental behaviour, in both humans animals. This view is supported by neuroscientific studies that have implicated dissociable neural pathways ability flexibly adjust behaviour when outcome values change. A previous Diffusion Tensor Imaging study provided preliminary evidence flexible performance depends on strength parallel cortico-striatal white-matter previously control. Specifically, estimated caudate ventromedial prefrontal cortex correlated positively with behavioural flexibility, posterior putamen-premotor connectivity negatively, line notion these compete for However, sample size original was limited, so far, there no attempts replicate findings. In present study, we aimed conceptually findings testing a large 205 young adults relate slips-of-action task. short, found only positive correlates performance, including striatal (caudate anterior putamen) dorsolateral cortex. failed provide converging existence habit system puts limits capacity flexible, action. We discuss implications our dual-process theories

Язык: Английский

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Manipulations of the context-response relationship reduce the expression of response habits

Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 214, С. 107962 - 107962

Опубликована: Июль 26, 2024

Язык: Английский

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The consequences of AI training on human decision-making

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 121(33)

Опубликована: Авг. 6, 2024

AI is now an integral part of everyday decision-making, assisting us in both routine and high-stakes choices. These models often learn from human behavior, assuming this training data unbiased. However, we report five studies that show people change their behavior to instill desired routines into AI, indicating assumption invalid. To behavioral shift, recruited participants play the ultimatum game, where they were asked decide whether accept proposals monetary splits made by either other or AI. Some informed choices would be used train proposer, while others did not receive information. Across experiments, found modified make fair proposals, regardless could directly benefit training. After completing task once, invited complete again but told responses for People who had previously trained persisted with new become habitual. This work demonstrates using as has more consequences than thought since it can engender perpetuate biases cause form habits deviate how normally act. Therefore, underscores a problem algorithms aim unbiased representations preferences.

Язык: Английский

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Multi-plasticities: Distinguishing context-specific habits from complex perseverations

Опубликована: Май 6, 2023

Though perseveration and habit have always been understood as distinct phenomena, they also closely linked throughout the history of their scientific study. Seminal work, in particular study lesions neurological disorders, has described symptomatic errors commission being a form one or other (Sandson & Albert, 1984), sometimes with disagreement among researchers. More recently, researchers explored idea that formal mathematical framework used to describe learning dynamics habits may also, perhaps more accurately, be understand emergence utility perseverative responding (Gershman, 2020). An explicit lesson from this work is claims measure putative habitual behavior would do well take into account contribution types perseveration. Thus, it makes sense review current state understanding perseveration, both draw distinctions difference habits, where are possible, outline areas potential further research. This chapter briefly summarizes classical conception including conceptual underpinnings empirical We then examine how evolved via theoretical advances. summarize these findings taxonomy behavior, recent arguing for an adaptive role multiple forms cognition. argue complex set constructs widespread influence on important implications experimental measurement compulsive responding.

Язык: Английский

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Persistence of extensively trained avoidance is not elevated in anxiety disorders in an outcome devaluation paradigm

Behaviour Research and Therapy, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 170, С. 104417 - 104417

Опубликована: Окт. 14, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Sex and individual differences in the effect of chronic low‐dose ethanol on behavioral strategy selection

Alcohol Clinical and Experimental Research, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 48(1), С. 132 - 141

Опубликована: Окт. 30, 2023

The development of an alcohol use disorder (AUD) involves impaired behavioral control and flexibility. Behavioral inflexibility includes inability to shift behavior in response changes outcomes. Low levels ethanol drinking may promote the formation inflexible, habitual reward seeking, but this depend on timing exposure relation learning. goal study was determine whether a history low-dose promoted contingency-insensitive sucrose seeking altered strategy selection.

Язык: Английский

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