Are Fear and Anxiety Truly Distinct?

Biological Psychiatry Global Open Science, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 2(4), С. 341 - 349

Опубликована: Окт. 13, 2021

Fear and anxiety are largely seen as separate entities, a distinction that inspires shapes basic clinical research. Evidence for this has rich translational base comes from physiological, behavioral, neurobiological studies. However, there is high degree of inconsistency number fundamental limitations lead us to question the validity distinction. We consider range studies examining specifically whether how may manifest at neural, behavioral levels, we highlight inconsistencies call into question. go on critically examine assumptions in approaches fear-anxiety implications these have weighing evidence against Acknowledging contention over emotion research animals easily translatable subjective experience humans, conclude although between fear proved useful informative, reasons recognizing it an oversimplification future progress be guided, but should not limited, by it.

Язык: Английский

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Amygdala substructure volumes in Major Depressive Disorder

NeuroImage Clinical, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 31, С. 102781 - 102781

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2021

The role of the amygdala in experience emotional states and stress is well established. Connections from to hypothalamus activate hypothalamic–pituitaryadrenal (HPA) axis cortisol response. Previous studies have failed find consistent whole volume changes Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), but differences may exist at smaller substructural level nuclei. High-resolution T1 T2-weighted-fluid-attenuated inversion recovery MRIs were compared between 80 patients with MDD 83 healthy controls (HC) using automated substructure module FreeSurfer 6.0. Volumetric assessments performed for individual nuclei three anatomico-functional composite groups Salivary awakening response (CAR), as a measure HPA responsivity, was measured subset patients. right medial nucleus larger HC (p = 0.002). Increased right-left ratios found 0.004), laterobasal 0.009) central 0.003) 0.014) CAR not significantly different HC. Within group left corticoamygdaloid transition area inversely correlated CAR, by under curve (AUCg) ≤ 0.0001). In conclusion, our study volumes relatively increased MDD. results suggest that be involved pathophysiology depression.

Язык: Английский

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Robust BOLD Responses to Faces But Not to Conditioned Threat: Challenging the Amygdala's Reputation in Human Fear and Extinction Learning

Journal of Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 41(50), С. 10278 - 10292

Опубликована: Ноя. 8, 2021

Most of our knowledge about human emotional memory comes from animal research. Based on this work, the amygdala is often labeled brain's “fear center”, but it unclear to what degree neural circuitries underlying fear and extinction learning are conserved across species. Neuroimaging studies in humans yield conflicting findings, with many failing show activation response learned threat. Such null findings treated as resulting MRI-specific problems related measuring deep brain structures. Here we test assumption a mega-analysis three acquisition ( n = 98; 68 female) 79; 53 female). The conditioning procedure involved presentation two pictures faces houses: one each pair was followed by an electric shock [a conditioned stimulus (CS + )], other never – ), participants were instructed learn these contingencies. Results revealed widespread responses CS compared network, including anterior insula, midcingulate cortex, thalamus, bed nucleus stria terminalis, not amygdala, which actually responded stronger . independent spatial smoothing, individual differences trait anxiety pupil responses. In contrast, robust distinguished houses, refuting idea that poor signal could account for absence effects. Moving forward, suggest that, apart imaging larger samples at higher resolution, alternative statistical approaches may be used identify cross-species similarities learning. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT science provides foundation numerous theories psychopathology, stress disorders. This field relies heavily research, suggests central role memory. However, finding strongly corroborated neuroimaging evidence humans, too easily explained away methodological limitations inherent large nonclinical sample, find BOLD fear, amygdala. A While do disprove involvement learning, they challenge its typical portrayals illustrate complexities translational science.

Язык: Английский

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Controllability over stressor decreases responses in key threat-related brain areas

Communications Biology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 4(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 5, 2021

Abstract Controllability over stressors has major impacts on brain and behavior. In humans, however, the effect of controllability responses to is poorly understood. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we investigated how altered a shock-plus-sound stressor with between-group yoked design, where participants in controllable uncontrollable groups experienced matched exposure. Employing Bayesian multilevel analysis at level regions interest voxels insula, standard voxelwise analysis, found that decreased stressor-related across threat-related regions, notably bed nucleus stria terminalis anterior insula. Posterior cingulate cortex, posterior possibly medial frontal gyrus showed increased during control stressor. Our findings support idea aversiveness reduced when controllable, leading key involved anxiety-related processing, even extended amygdala.

Язык: Английский

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Brainwide Mendelian Randomization Study of Anxiety Disorders and Symptoms

Biological Psychiatry, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 95(8), С. 810 - 817

Опубликована: Ноя. 14, 2023

Язык: Английский

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