Non-invasive Brain Stimulation-Based Sleep Stage Classification Using Transcranial Infrared Based Electrocardiogram

Neuroscience Informatics, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 100197 - 100197

Опубликована: Март 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

Cribriform Brain Unraveling Virchow-Robin Space Dilation

Cureus, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Март 21, 2025

Virchow-Robin spaces (VRS) are perivascular compartments in the brain lined by pia mater, surrounding penetrating arteries and veins. They play a crucial role interstitial fluid drainage within glymphatic system may contribute to immune responses. Typically small asymptomatic, these can sometimes enlarge, forming dilated spaces, which often identified incidentally on MRI, especially elderly individuals. Their clinical significance has been increasingly recognized due their potential link with neurodegenerative diseases. We present case of 60-year-old retired firefighter who experienced recurrent syncopal episodes along progressive neurological symptoms, including bradykinesia memory impairment. Brain MRI revealed extensive cystic dilation periventricular predominantly lenticulostriate region, characteristic VRS. This underscores importance understanding mechanisms underlying VRS dilation, distinguishing it from other lesions such as lacunar infarcts, neoplasms, infectious diseases, highlights diagnosis. Additionally, we review literature its implications Alzheimer's disease chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE).

Язык: Английский

The glymphatic system in Huntington's disease

Journal of Huntington s Disease, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Март 28, 2025

The glymphatic system, a macroscopic waste clearance network in the brain, plays vital role maintaining neuronal health and brain homeostasis. Functionally analogous to lymphatic system other organs, term “glymphatic” combines “glial” “lymphatic.” This facilitates exchange of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) interstitial (ISF) parenchyma, aiding removal soluble proteins metabolites while distributing essential nutrients signaling molecules. Its functionality is closely tied aquaporin 4 (AQP4) water channels, located primarily on astrocytic endfeet, which mediate movement between CSF ISF. Proper function relies cellular distribution AQP4 channels its astroglial endfeet polarization. Emerging evidence links dysfunction several neurodegenerative disorders, including Huntington's disease (HD). Understanding HD pathogenesis could provide novel insights into new therapeutic approaches. review examines connection HD, highlighting future research directions advancement for HD. It explores pharmacological interventions lifestyle modifications aimed at optimizing improve management.

Язык: Английский