White matter tracts and executive functions: a review of causal and correlation evidence

Brain, Год журнала: 2023, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Сен. 11, 2023

Executive functions are high-level cognitive processes involving abilities such as working memory/updating, set-shifting and inhibition. These complex enabled by interactions among widely distributed networks, supported white matter tracts. impairment is frequent in neurological conditions affecting matter; however, whether specific tracts crucial for normal executive unclear. We review causal correlation evidence from studies that used direct electrical stimulation during awake surgery gliomas, voxel-based tract-based lesion-symptom mapping, diffusion tensor imaging to explore associations between the integrity of healthy impaired adults. The corpus callosum was consistently associated with all processes, notably its anterior segments. Both showed prominent support superior longitudinal fasciculus functions, memory. More specifically, strong suggested second branch especially flexibility. Global results left lateralization verbal tasks right visual demands. frontal aslant tract potentially supports additional needed clarify involvement goes beyond control language. Converging indicates a right-lateralized network connecting cortical subcortical grey regions performance assessing response inhibition, some suggesting role thalamic radiation. Finally, suggests cingulum bundle discuss these findings light current knowledge about functional tracts, descriptions brain networks supporting clinical implications individuals tumours.

Язык: Английский

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Accurate localization and coactivation profiles of the frontal eye field and inferior frontal junction: an ALE and MACM fMRI meta-analysis

Brain Structure and Function, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 228(3-4), С. 997 - 1017

Опубликована: Апрель 24, 2023

The frontal eye field (FEF) and the inferior junction (IFJ) are prefrontal structures involved in mediating multiple aspects of goal-driven behavior. Despite being recognized as prominent nodes networks underlying spatial attention oculomotor control, working memory cognitive respectively, limited quantitative evidence on their precise localization has considerably impeded detailed understanding structure connectivity. In this study, we performed an activation likelihood estimation (ALE) fMRI meta-analysis by selecting studies that employed standard paradigms to accurately infer these regions stereotaxic space. For FEF, found highest convergence activations for prosaccade antisaccade at precentral sulcus superior sulcus. IFJ, consistent across oddball/attention, memory, task-switching Stroop We related clusters previous meta-analyses, sulcal/gyral neuroanatomy, a comprehensive brain parcellation, highlighting important differences compared results taxonomy. Finally, leveraged ALE peak coordinates seeds perform meta-analytic connectivity modeling (MACM) analysis, which revealed systematic coactivation patterns spanning frontal, parietal, temporal cortices. decoded behavioral domains associated with coactivations, suggesting may allow FEF IFJ support specialized roles flexible Our study provides groundwork investigating relationship between functional specialization two crucial control cortex.

Язык: Английский

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Inhibition changes across the lifespan: experimental evidence from the Stroop task

BMC Psychology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 12(1)

Опубликована: Июнь 7, 2024

Abstract Individuals constantly exert inhibitory control over their thoughts and behaviors to plan actions that compete with habits impulses. Cognitive inhibition enhances the selection of task-relevant stimuli is closely related neural changes occur across lifespan. Since few studies have focused on entire lifespan, this study aimed assess cognitive abilities in a sample 425 healthy participants (age range: 7–88 years) using Stroop task. The were grouped according age into children, adolescents, young adults, middle-aged older adults. A series ANOVAs considered Group as independent variable Performance indices dependent variables. children did not show an interference effect (Stroop effect), likely due lack automated reading process consequence ongoing brain maturation. Adolescents adults performed significantly faster than did. results indicate response speed reaches its peak during adolescence adulthood then slightly decreases until age. Nevertheless, when compared other groups, only showed significant differences effect, suggesting remain relatively consistent throughout but rapidly worsen recent years physiological decline functioning associated aging.

Язык: Английский

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Developmental Neuroimaging of Cognitive Flexibility: Update and Future Directions

Annual Review of Developmental Psychology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 5(1), С. 263 - 284

Опубликована: Сен. 14, 2023

Cognitive flexibility, or the ability to mentally switch between tasks according changing environmental demands, supports optimal life outcomes, making it an important executive function study across development. Here we review literature examining development of cognitive with emphasis on studies using task-based functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The neuroimaging suggests that key brain regions for flexibility include inferior frontal junction and within midcingulo-insular network, including insular dorsal anterior cingulate cortices. We further discuss challenges surrounding studying during neurodevelopment, inconsistent terminology, diversity fMRI task paradigms, difficulties isolating from other functions, accounting developmental changes in strategy. Future directions assessing how network dynamics enable potential modulators physical activity bilingualism.

Язык: Английский

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The effect of age on executive functions in adults is not sex specific

Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 30(5), С. 489 - 498

Опубликована: Янв. 15, 2024

Abstract Objective: Numerous studies have shown a decrease in executive functions (EF) associated with aging. However, few investigations examined whether this is similar between sexes throughout adulthood. The present study investigated if age-related decline EF differs men and women from early to late Methods: A total of 302 participants (181 women) aged 18 78 years old completed four computer-based cognitive tasks at home: an arrow-based Flanker task, letter-based Visual search the Trail Making Test, Corsi task. These measured inhibition, attention, flexibility, working memory, respectively. To investigate potential effects age, sex, their interaction on specific global score, we divided sample population into five age groups (i.e., 18–30, 31–44, 45–54, 55–64, 65–78) conducted analyses covariance (MANCOVA ANCOVA) education pointing device as control variables. Results: Sex did not significantly affect performance across groups. every three youngest (< 55 y/o) outperformed ones two oldest. Results score also suggest that distinctly noticeable onward. Conclusion: Our results EF, including becomes apparent around does differ any age. This provides additional data regarding sex adulthood, filling significant gap existing literature.

Язык: Английский

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Rate of brain aging associates with future executive function in Asian children and older adults

Опубликована: Фев. 4, 2025

Brain age has emerged as a powerful tool to understand neuroanatomical aging and its link health outcomes like cognition. However, there remains lack of studies investigating the rate brain relationship Furthermore, most models are trained tested on cross-sectional data from primarily Caucasian, adult participants. It is thus unclear how well these generalize non-Caucasian participants, especially children. Here, we previously published deep learning model Singaporean elderly participants (55 − 88 years old) children (4 11 old). We found that directly generalized but finetuning was necessary for After finetuning, change in gap associated with future executive function performance both further lateral ventricles frontal areas contributed prediction while white matter posterior regions were more important predicting Taken together, our results suggest potential generalizing diverse populations. Moreover, longitudinal reflects developing processes brain, relating cognitive function.

Язык: Английский

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Impulse control deficits among patients with nonsuicidal self-injury: a mediation analysis based on structural imaging

Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 50(2), С. E73 - E84

Опубликована: Март 4, 2025

Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) is posited to arise from a complex interaction of biopsychosocial factors, with impulsivity playing critical role. Given that current research on the neural mechanisms underlying this hypothesis remains inconsistent and limited in scope, we sought explore how NSSI behaviours are associated resulting structural brain alterations. We recruited patients healthy controls 11 psychiatric hospitals. assessed differences impulse control between 2 groups using Barratt Impulsiveness Scale version Attention Network Test. also conducted T 1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) diffusion tensor imaging. Finally, analyzed associations among structure, psychological characteristics, self-injurious behaviour NSSI. included 293 140 controls. Among them, 182 95 underwent MRI Patients showed increased alerting function, strongest correlation frequency motor impulsivity. Compared controls, exhibited decreased grey matter volume white volume, no significant difference cortical thickness. Pathway analysis demonstrated significantly mediated association right superior frontal gyrus inferior parietal lobe. When examining connecting fibre tracts frontoparietal area, integrity microstructure cingulum, corona radiata, splenium corpus callosum. Accurately measuring executive linked challenging cognitive behavioural tasks, as impulsive tendencies during occurrence not effectively captured. Our findings suggested impulsivity, prominent psychopathological characteristic NSSI, primarily modulated by regions. These results provide empirical neuroimaging evidence for impaired observed

Язык: Английский

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The role of inhibitory and excitatory neurometabolites in age-related differences in action selection

npj Aging, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 11(1)

Опубликована: Март 13, 2025

Aging is accompanied by changes in the level of neurometabolites. However, their role vital behavioral functions still unclear. We aimed to explore impact aging on neurochemical mechanisms underlying action selection. Young (YA) (n = 25) and older adults (OA) 26) performed a simple (SRT) choice (CRT) reaction time tasks. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy was utilized track task-induced modulations GABA glutamate sensorimotor cortex (SM1) dorsolateral prefrontal (dlPFC). Results showed that (i) SM1 Glx levels were higher during SRT full sample, (ii) modulation dlPFC predicted better performance only YA, iii) increase related selection learning sample. Our findings highlight an important neurometabolic learning.

Язык: Английский

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Too early for inhibitory control? ERP evidence for social jetlag in evening chronotypes across three domains of distraction

Biological Psychology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 109042 - 109042

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2025

Young adults are frequently evening chronotypes due to their circadian rhythm, making late sleep-wake cycles vulnerable the misalignment with socially imposed early schedules, a phenomenon known as social jetlag. This leads sleep deprivation and has been identified risk factor for poor academic performance. Understanding relationship between jetlag inhibitory control is crucial, since achievement relies on control, ability maintain pursue goal while inhibiting goal-irrelevant information. In this event-related potential study, we examined impact of across three domains distraction: Self-generated information, perceived environment, habits. Each distraction domain was assessed using well-established cognitive task: n-back, flanker, global-local task, respectively. We jetlag, task performance, neural activity in young male who self-identified chronotypes. Results provide evidence an association affects conflict monitoring (N2 component), but not later inhibition (P3 component) control. Specifically, increased N2 amplitudes at non-optimal time day were found absence behavioral differences. Future studies need confirm whether finding reflects compensatory mechanisms stable performance despite pressure. Highlighting multifaceted nature varied by domain, associations n-back congruent condition, flanker task.

Язык: Английский

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Differentiation of Executive Functions During Adolescence: Converging Evidence from Behavioral, Genetic and Neural Data

Biological Psychology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 109058 - 109058

Опубликована: Май 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

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