Brain
age
has
emerged
as
a
powerful
tool
to
understand
neuroanatomical
aging
and
its
link
health
outcomes
like
cognition.
However,
there
remains
lack
of
studies
investigating
the
rate
brain
relationship
Furthermore,
most
models
are
trained
tested
on
cross-sectional
data
from
primarily
Caucasian,
adult
participants.
It
is
thus
unclear
how
well
these
generalize
non-Caucasian
participants,
especially
children.
Here,
we
previously
published
deep
learning
model
Singaporean
elderly
participants
(55
−
88
years
old)
children
(4
11
old).
We
found
that
directly
generalized
but
finetuning
was
necessary
for
After
finetuning,
change
in
gap
associated
with
future
executive
function
performance
both
further
lateral
ventricles
frontal
areas
contributed
prediction
while
white
matter
posterior
regions
were
more
important
predicting
Taken
together,
our
results
suggest
potential
generalizing
diverse
populations.
Moreover,
longitudinal
reflects
developing
processes
brain,
relating
cognitive
function.
Executive
functions
are
high-level
cognitive
processes
involving
abilities
such
as
working
memory/updating,
set-shifting
and
inhibition.
These
complex
enabled
by
interactions
among
widely
distributed
networks,
supported
white
matter
tracts.
impairment
is
frequent
in
neurological
conditions
affecting
matter;
however,
whether
specific
tracts
crucial
for
normal
executive
unclear.
We
review
causal
correlation
evidence
from
studies
that
used
direct
electrical
stimulation
during
awake
surgery
gliomas,
voxel-based
tract-based
lesion-symptom
mapping,
diffusion
tensor
imaging
to
explore
associations
between
the
integrity
of
healthy
impaired
adults.
The
corpus
callosum
was
consistently
associated
with
all
processes,
notably
its
anterior
segments.
Both
showed
prominent
support
superior
longitudinal
fasciculus
functions,
memory.
More
specifically,
strong
suggested
second
branch
especially
flexibility.
Global
results
left
lateralization
verbal
tasks
right
visual
demands.
frontal
aslant
tract
potentially
supports
additional
needed
clarify
involvement
goes
beyond
control
language.
Converging
indicates
a
right-lateralized
network
connecting
cortical
subcortical
grey
regions
performance
assessing
response
inhibition,
some
suggesting
role
thalamic
radiation.
Finally,
suggests
cingulum
bundle
discuss
these
findings
light
current
knowledge
about
functional
tracts,
descriptions
brain
networks
supporting
clinical
implications
individuals
tumours.
Brain Structure and Function,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
228(3-4), С. 997 - 1017
Опубликована: Апрель 24, 2023
The
frontal
eye
field
(FEF)
and
the
inferior
junction
(IFJ)
are
prefrontal
structures
involved
in
mediating
multiple
aspects
of
goal-driven
behavior.
Despite
being
recognized
as
prominent
nodes
networks
underlying
spatial
attention
oculomotor
control,
working
memory
cognitive
respectively,
limited
quantitative
evidence
on
their
precise
localization
has
considerably
impeded
detailed
understanding
structure
connectivity.
In
this
study,
we
performed
an
activation
likelihood
estimation
(ALE)
fMRI
meta-analysis
by
selecting
studies
that
employed
standard
paradigms
to
accurately
infer
these
regions
stereotaxic
space.
For
FEF,
found
highest
convergence
activations
for
prosaccade
antisaccade
at
precentral
sulcus
superior
sulcus.
IFJ,
consistent
across
oddball/attention,
memory,
task-switching
Stroop
We
related
clusters
previous
meta-analyses,
sulcal/gyral
neuroanatomy,
a
comprehensive
brain
parcellation,
highlighting
important
differences
compared
results
taxonomy.
Finally,
leveraged
ALE
peak
coordinates
seeds
perform
meta-analytic
connectivity
modeling
(MACM)
analysis,
which
revealed
systematic
coactivation
patterns
spanning
frontal,
parietal,
temporal
cortices.
decoded
behavioral
domains
associated
with
coactivations,
suggesting
may
allow
FEF
IFJ
support
specialized
roles
flexible
Our
study
provides
groundwork
investigating
relationship
between
functional
specialization
two
crucial
control
cortex.
Abstract
Individuals
constantly
exert
inhibitory
control
over
their
thoughts
and
behaviors
to
plan
actions
that
compete
with
habits
impulses.
Cognitive
inhibition
enhances
the
selection
of
task-relevant
stimuli
is
closely
related
neural
changes
occur
across
lifespan.
Since
few
studies
have
focused
on
entire
lifespan,
this
study
aimed
assess
cognitive
abilities
in
a
sample
425
healthy
participants
(age
range:
7–88
years)
using
Stroop
task.
The
were
grouped
according
age
into
children,
adolescents,
young
adults,
middle-aged
older
adults.
A
series
ANOVAs
considered
Group
as
independent
variable
Performance
indices
dependent
variables.
children
did
not
show
an
interference
effect
(Stroop
effect),
likely
due
lack
automated
reading
process
consequence
ongoing
brain
maturation.
Adolescents
adults
performed
significantly
faster
than
did.
results
indicate
response
speed
reaches
its
peak
during
adolescence
adulthood
then
slightly
decreases
until
age.
Nevertheless,
when
compared
other
groups,
only
showed
significant
differences
effect,
suggesting
remain
relatively
consistent
throughout
but
rapidly
worsen
recent
years
physiological
decline
functioning
associated
aging.
Annual Review of Developmental Psychology,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
5(1), С. 263 - 284
Опубликована: Сен. 14, 2023
Cognitive
flexibility,
or
the
ability
to
mentally
switch
between
tasks
according
changing
environmental
demands,
supports
optimal
life
outcomes,
making
it
an
important
executive
function
study
across
development.
Here
we
review
literature
examining
development
of
cognitive
with
emphasis
on
studies
using
task-based
functional
magnetic
resonance
imaging
(fMRI).
The
neuroimaging
suggests
that
key
brain
regions
for
flexibility
include
inferior
frontal
junction
and
within
midcingulo-insular
network,
including
insular
dorsal
anterior
cingulate
cortices.
We
further
discuss
challenges
surrounding
studying
during
neurodevelopment,
inconsistent
terminology,
diversity
fMRI
task
paradigms,
difficulties
isolating
from
other
functions,
accounting
developmental
changes
in
strategy.
Future
directions
assessing
how
network
dynamics
enable
potential
modulators
physical
activity
bilingualism.
Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
30(5), С. 489 - 498
Опубликована: Янв. 15, 2024
Abstract
Objective:
Numerous
studies
have
shown
a
decrease
in
executive
functions
(EF)
associated
with
aging.
However,
few
investigations
examined
whether
this
is
similar
between
sexes
throughout
adulthood.
The
present
study
investigated
if
age-related
decline
EF
differs
men
and
women
from
early
to
late
Methods:
A
total
of
302
participants
(181
women)
aged
18
78
years
old
completed
four
computer-based
cognitive
tasks
at
home:
an
arrow-based
Flanker
task,
letter-based
Visual
search
the
Trail
Making
Test,
Corsi
task.
These
measured
inhibition,
attention,
flexibility,
working
memory,
respectively.
To
investigate
potential
effects
age,
sex,
their
interaction
on
specific
global
score,
we
divided
sample
population
into
five
age
groups
(i.e.,
18–30,
31–44,
45–54,
55–64,
65–78)
conducted
analyses
covariance
(MANCOVA
ANCOVA)
education
pointing
device
as
control
variables.
Results:
Sex
did
not
significantly
affect
performance
across
groups.
every
three
youngest
(<
55
y/o)
outperformed
ones
two
oldest.
Results
score
also
suggest
that
distinctly
noticeable
onward.
Conclusion:
Our
results
EF,
including
becomes
apparent
around
does
differ
any
age.
This
provides
additional
data
regarding
sex
adulthood,
filling
significant
gap
existing
literature.
Brain
age
has
emerged
as
a
powerful
tool
to
understand
neuroanatomical
aging
and
its
link
health
outcomes
like
cognition.
However,
there
remains
lack
of
studies
investigating
the
rate
brain
relationship
Furthermore,
most
models
are
trained
tested
on
cross-sectional
data
from
primarily
Caucasian,
adult
participants.
It
is
thus
unclear
how
well
these
generalize
non-Caucasian
participants,
especially
children.
Here,
we
previously
published
deep
learning
model
Singaporean
elderly
participants
(55
−
88
years
old)
children
(4
11
old).
We
found
that
directly
generalized
but
finetuning
was
necessary
for
After
finetuning,
change
in
gap
associated
with
future
executive
function
performance
both
further
lateral
ventricles
frontal
areas
contributed
prediction
while
white
matter
posterior
regions
were
more
important
predicting
Taken
together,
our
results
suggest
potential
generalizing
diverse
populations.
Moreover,
longitudinal
reflects
developing
processes
brain,
relating
cognitive
function.
Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
50(2), С. E73 - E84
Опубликована: Март 4, 2025
Nonsuicidal
self-injury
(NSSI)
is
posited
to
arise
from
a
complex
interaction
of
biopsychosocial
factors,
with
impulsivity
playing
critical
role.
Given
that
current
research
on
the
neural
mechanisms
underlying
this
hypothesis
remains
inconsistent
and
limited
in
scope,
we
sought
explore
how
NSSI
behaviours
are
associated
resulting
structural
brain
alterations.
We
recruited
patients
healthy
controls
11
psychiatric
hospitals.
assessed
differences
impulse
control
between
2
groups
using
Barratt
Impulsiveness
Scale
version
Attention
Network
Test.
also
conducted
T
1-weighted
magnetic
resonance
imaging
(MRI)
diffusion
tensor
imaging.
Finally,
analyzed
associations
among
structure,
psychological
characteristics,
self-injurious
behaviour
NSSI.
included
293
140
controls.
Among
them,
182
95
underwent
MRI
Patients
showed
increased
alerting
function,
strongest
correlation
frequency
motor
impulsivity.
Compared
controls,
exhibited
decreased
grey
matter
volume
white
volume,
no
significant
difference
cortical
thickness.
Pathway
analysis
demonstrated
significantly
mediated
association
right
superior
frontal
gyrus
inferior
parietal
lobe.
When
examining
connecting
fibre
tracts
frontoparietal
area,
integrity
microstructure
cingulum,
corona
radiata,
splenium
corpus
callosum.
Accurately
measuring
executive
linked
challenging
cognitive
behavioural
tasks,
as
impulsive
tendencies
during
occurrence
not
effectively
captured.
Our
findings
suggested
impulsivity,
prominent
psychopathological
characteristic
NSSI,
primarily
modulated
by
regions.
These
results
provide
empirical
neuroimaging
evidence
for
impaired
observed
Aging
is
accompanied
by
changes
in
the
level
of
neurometabolites.
However,
their
role
vital
behavioral
functions
still
unclear.
We
aimed
to
explore
impact
aging
on
neurochemical
mechanisms
underlying
action
selection.
Young
(YA)
(n
=
25)
and
older
adults
(OA)
26)
performed
a
simple
(SRT)
choice
(CRT)
reaction
time
tasks.
Magnetic
resonance
spectroscopy
was
utilized
track
task-induced
modulations
GABA
glutamate
sensorimotor
cortex
(SM1)
dorsolateral
prefrontal
(dlPFC).
Results
showed
that
(i)
SM1
Glx
levels
were
higher
during
SRT
full
sample,
(ii)
modulation
dlPFC
predicted
better
performance
only
YA,
iii)
increase
related
selection
learning
sample.
Our
findings
highlight
an
important
neurometabolic
learning.
Biological Psychology,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown, С. 109042 - 109042
Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2025
Young
adults
are
frequently
evening
chronotypes
due
to
their
circadian
rhythm,
making
late
sleep-wake
cycles
vulnerable
the
misalignment
with
socially
imposed
early
schedules,
a
phenomenon
known
as
social
jetlag.
This
leads
sleep
deprivation
and
has
been
identified
risk
factor
for
poor
academic
performance.
Understanding
relationship
between
jetlag
inhibitory
control
is
crucial,
since
achievement
relies
on
control,
ability
maintain
pursue
goal
while
inhibiting
goal-irrelevant
information.
In
this
event-related
potential
study,
we
examined
impact
of
across
three
domains
distraction:
Self-generated
information,
perceived
environment,
habits.
Each
distraction
domain
was
assessed
using
well-established
cognitive
task:
n-back,
flanker,
global-local
task,
respectively.
We
jetlag,
task
performance,
neural
activity
in
young
male
who
self-identified
chronotypes.
Results
provide
evidence
an
association
affects
conflict
monitoring
(N2
component),
but
not
later
inhibition
(P3
component)
control.
Specifically,
increased
N2
amplitudes
at
non-optimal
time
day
were
found
absence
behavioral
differences.
Future
studies
need
confirm
whether
finding
reflects
compensatory
mechanisms
stable
performance
despite
pressure.
Highlighting
multifaceted
nature
varied
by
domain,
associations
n-back
congruent
condition,
flanker
task.
