Vitamins and Minerals for Energy, Fatigue and Cognition: A Narrative Review of the Biochemical and Clinical Evidence

Nutrients, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 12(1), С. 228 - 228

Опубликована: Янв. 16, 2020

Vitamins and minerals are essential to humans as they play roles in a variety of basic metabolic pathways that support fundamental cellular functions. In particular, their involvement energy-yielding metabolism, DNA synthesis, oxygen transport, neuronal functions makes them critical for brain muscular function. These, turn, translate into effects on cognitive psychological processes, including mental physical fatigue. This review is focused B vitamins (B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B8, B9 B12), vitamin C, iron, magnesium zinc, which have recognized these outcomes. It summarizes the biochemical bases actions micronutrients at both molecular levels connects with symptoms, well manifestations fatigue may occur when status or supplies not adequate.

Язык: Английский

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Sleep Loss Promotes Astrocytic Phagocytosis and Microglial Activation in Mouse Cerebral Cortex

Journal of Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 37(21), С. 5263 - 5273

Опубликована: Май 24, 2017

We previously found that Mertk and its ligand Gas6 , astrocytic genes involved in phagocytosis, are upregulated after acute sleep deprivation. These results suggested astrocytes may engage phagocytic activity during extended wake, but direct evidence was lacking. Studies humans rodents also loss increases peripheral markers of inflammation, whether these changes associated with neuroinflammation and/or activation microglia, the brain's resident innate immune cells, unknown. Here we used serial block-face scanning electron microscopy to obtain 3D volume measurements synapses surrounding processes mouse frontal cortex 6–8 h sleep, spontaneous or deprivation (SD) chronic (∼5 d) restriction (CSR). Astrocytic mainly presynaptic components large synapses, increased both relative wake. MERTK expression lipid peroxidation synaptoneurosomes a similar extent short long loss, suggesting phagocytosis represent response increase synaptic prolonged clearing worn heavily synapses. Using confocal microscopy, then CSR not SD mice show morphological signs microglial enhanced elements, without obvious CSF. Because low-level sustained microglia can lead abnormal responses secondary insult, suggest through priming, predispose brain further damage. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT find mostly origin is already few hours shows significant severe it promote housekeeping strong neuronal By contrast, activates promotes their activity, does so absence overt neuroinflammation, like many other stressors, disruption state activation, perhaps increasing susceptibility forms

Язык: Английский

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Brain Energy and Oxygen Metabolism: Emerging Role in Normal Function and Disease

Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 11

Опубликована: Июнь 22, 2018

Dynamic metabolic changes occurring in neurons are critically important directing brain plasticity and cognitive function. In other tissue types, disruptions to metabolism the resultant cellular oxidative state, such as increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) or induction of hypoxia, associated with stress. however, where drastic shifts occur support physiological processes, subsequent state transcriptional sensors stress likely play a significant role regulating neuronal Understanding metabolically-regulated genes function will be critical elucidating how functions disrupted pathological conditions is affected. Here, we discuss known mechanisms well hypoxia during normal We also summarize recent studies implicating for an emerging neuroscience paradigm.

Язык: Английский

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Mechanisms of Glutamate Transport

Physiological Reviews, Год журнала: 2013, Номер 93(4), С. 1621 - 1657

Опубликована: Окт. 1, 2013

L-Glutamate is the predominant excitatory neurotransmitter in mammalian central nervous system and plays important roles a wide variety of brain functions, but it also key player pathogenesis many neurological disorders. The control glutamate concentrations critical to normal functioning system, this review we discuss how transporters regulate maintain dynamic signaling mechanisms between neurons. In 2004, crystal structure prokaryotic homolog transporter family proteins was crystallized its determined. This has paved way for better understanding structural basis function. provide broad perspective field research, focus primarily on more recent studies with particular emphasis our generated new insights.

Язык: Английский

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Astrocyte-neuron metabolic cooperation shapes brain activity

Cell Metabolism, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 33(8), С. 1546 - 1564

Опубликована: Авг. 1, 2021

Язык: Английский

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