Human Brain Mapping,
Год журнала:
2018,
Номер
39(8), С. 3398 - 3418
Опубликована: Апрель 25, 2018
Abstract
The
processing
of
rewards
and
losses
are
crucial
to
everyday
functioning.
Considerable
interest
has
been
attached
investigating
the
anticipation
outcome
phases
reward
loss
processing,
but
results
date
have
inconsistent.
It
is
unclear
if
a
or
recruit
similar
distinct
brain
regions.
In
particular,
while
striatum
widely
found
be
active
when
anticipating
reward,
whether
it
activates
in
response
as
well
remains
ambiguous.
Furthermore,
concerning
orbitofrontal/ventromedial
prefrontal
regions,
activation
often
observed
during
receipt.
However,
this
area
well.
We
ran
an
Activation
Likelihood
Estimation
meta‐analysis
50
fMRI
studies,
which
used
Monetary
Incentive
Delay
Task
(MIDT),
identify
regions
implicated
rewards,
losses,
receipt
reward.
Anticipating
recruits
overlapping
areas
including
striatum,
insula,
amygdala
thalamus,
suggesting
that
generalised
neural
system
initiates
motivational
processes
independent
valence.
were
recruited
only
outcome,
likely
representing
value
received.
Our
findings
help
clarify
substrates
different
advance
neurobiological
models
these
processes.
Current Opinion in Psychiatry,
Год журнала:
2014,
Номер
28(1), С. 7 - 12
Опубликована: Ноя. 20, 2014
Purpose
of
review
This
article
reviews
the
recent
literature
on
reward
processing
dysfunction
in
major
depression
(MDD),
bipolar
disorder
and
schizophrenia,
with
a
focus
approach
motivation,
learning
reward-based
decision-making.
Recent
findings
Emerging
evidence
indicates
presence
abnormalities
across
all
three
disorders,
supporting
transdiagnostic
approach.
In
particular,
are
consistent
role
abnormal
phasic
striatal
dopamine
signaling,
which
is
critical
for
reinforcement
learning,
efficient
mobilization
effort
to
obtain
allocation
attention
reward-predictive
cues.
Specifically,
reward-related
signaling
appears
blunted
MDD
negative
symptoms
elevated
(hypo)mania,
contextually
misallocated
positive
psychosis.
However,
whether
shared
or
distinct
pathophysiological
mechanisms
contribute
disorders
remains
unknown.
Summary
New
MDD,
schizophrenia
has
led
greater
understanding
neural
processes
associated
symptomatology
common
these
conditions
(e.g.,
anhedonia).
Dissecting
various
subcomponents
that
map
onto
partially
different
neurobiological
pathways
investigating
their
dysregulation
psychiatric
holds
promise
developing
more
targeted,
hopefully
efficacious
treatment
intervention
strategies.
Physiological Reviews,
Год журнала:
2019,
Номер
99(4), С. 2115 - 2140
Опубликована: Сен. 11, 2019
Drug
consumption
is
driven
by
a
drug's
pharmacological
effects,
which
are
experienced
as
rewarding,
and
influenced
genetic,
developmental,
psychosocial
factors
that
mediate
drug
accessibility,
norms,
social
support
systems
or
lack
thereof.
The
reinforcing
effects
of
drugs
mostly
depend
on
dopamine
signaling
in
the
nucleus
accumbens,
chronic
exposure
triggers
glutamatergic-mediated
neuroadaptations
striato-thalamo-cortical
(predominantly
prefrontal
cortical
regions
including
orbitofrontal
cortex
anterior
cingulate
cortex)
limbic
pathways
(amygdala
hippocampus)
that,
vulnerable
individuals,
can
result
addiction.
In
parallel,
changes
extended
amygdala
negative
emotional
states
perpetuate
taking
an
attempt
to
temporarily
alleviate
them.
Counterintuitively,
addicted
person,
actual
associated
with
attenuated
increase
brain
reward
regions,
might
contribute
drug-taking
behavior
compensate
for
difference
between
magnitude
expected
triggered
conditioning
cues
experience
it.
Combined,
these
enhanced
motivation
"seek
drug"
(energized
increases
cues)
impaired
top-down
self-regulation
favors
compulsive
against
backdrop
emotionality
interoceptive
awareness
"drug
hunger."
Treatment
interventions
intended
reverse
show
promise
therapeutic
approaches
Progress in Neurobiology,
Год журнала:
2015,
Номер
134, С. 17 - 35
Опубликована: Сен. 12, 2015
We
review
a
theory
of
homeostatic
regulation
and
adaptive
behavioural
control
within
the
Active
Inference
framework.
Our
aim
is
to
connect
two
research
streams
that
are
usually
considered
independently;
namely,
associative
learning
theories
animal
behaviour.
The
former
uses
probabilistic
(Bayesian)
formulation
perception
action,
while
latter
calls
on
multiple
(Pavlovian,
habitual,
goal-directed)
processes
for
control.
offer
synthesis
these
classical
cast
them
as
successive
hierarchical
contextualisations
sensorimotor
constructs,
using
generative
models
underpin
Inference.
This
dissolves
any
apparent
mechanistic
distinction
between
optimization
mediate
or
learning.
Furthermore,
we
generalize
scope
by
emphasizing
interoceptive
inference
regulation.
ensuing
(or
allostatic)
perspective
provides
an
intuitive
explanation
how
priors
act
drives
goals
enslave
emphasises
embodied
nature
inference.
Advanced Materials,
Год журнала:
2016,
Номер
28(17), С. 3333 - 3339
Опубликована: Фев. 29, 2016
A
field-effect
transistor
(FET)
based
on
ultrathin
Ti3C2–MXene
micropatterns
is
developed
and
utilized
as
a
highly
sensitive
biosensor.
The
device
produced
with
the
microcontact
printing
technique,
making
use
of
its
unique
advantages
for
easy
fabrication.
Using
MXene–FET
device,
label-free
probing
small
molecules
in
typical
biological
environments
fast
detection
action
potentials
primary
neurons
demonstrated.
As
service
to
our
authors
readers,
this
journal
provides
supporting
information
supplied
by
authors.
Such
materials
are
peer
reviewed
may
be
re-organized
online
delivery,
but
not
copy-edited
or
typeset.
Technical
support
issues
arising
from
(other
than
missing
files)
should
addressed
Please
note:
publisher
responsible
content
functionality
any
Any
queries
content)
directed
corresponding
author
article.
