Stress weakens prefrontal networks: molecular insults to higher cognition

Nature Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2015, Номер 18(10), С. 1376 - 1385

Опубликована: Сен. 25, 2015

Язык: Английский

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Dopamine and glutamate in schizophrenia: biology, symptoms and treatment

World Psychiatry, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 19(1), С. 15 - 33

Опубликована: Янв. 10, 2020

Glutamate and dopamine systems play distinct roles in terms of neuronal signalling, yet both have been proposed to contribute significantly the pathophysiology schizophrenia. In this paper we assess research that has implicated aetiology disorder. We examine evidence from post‐mortem, preclinical, pharmacological vivo neuroimaging studies. Pharmacological preclinical studies implicate systems, imaging system consistently identified elevated striatal synthesis release capacity Imaging glutamate other aspects on produced less consistent findings, potentially due methodological limitations heterogeneity Converging indicates genetic environmental risk factors for schizophrenia underlie disruption glutamatergic dopaminergic function. However, while influences may directly dysfunction, few variants system, indicating aberrant signalling is likely be predominantly factors. discuss neural circuits through which two interact, how their cause psychotic symptoms. also mechanisms existing treatments operate, recent highlighted opportunities development novel therapies. Finally, consider outstanding questions field, including what remains unknown regarding nature function schizophrenia, needs achieved make progress developing new treatments.

Язык: Английский

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Dopamine and Cognitive Control in Prefrontal Cortex

Trends in Cognitive Sciences, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 23(3), С. 213 - 234

Опубликована: Янв. 31, 2019

Язык: Английский

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Altered global brain signal in schizophrenia

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Год журнала: 2014, Номер 111(20), С. 7438 - 7443

Опубликована: Май 5, 2014

Significance This study identified elevated global brain signal variability in schizophrenia, but not bipolar illness. was related to schizophrenia symptoms. A commonly used analytic procedure neuroimaging, regression, attenuated clinical effects and altered inferences. Furthermore, local voxel-wise variance increased independent of regression. Finally, neurobiologically grounded computational modeling suggests a putative mechanism, whereby overall connection strength may underlie observed empirical results.

Язык: Английский

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Neuromodulation of Attention

Neuron, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 97(4), С. 769 - 785

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2018

Attention is critical to high-level cognition and attention deficits are a hallmark of neurologic neuropsychiatric disorders. Although years research indicates that distinct neuromodulators influence attentional control, mechanistic account traverses levels analysis (cells, circuits, behavior) missing. However, such an guide the development next-generation pharmacotherapies aimed at forestalling or remediating global burden associated with disorders attention. Here, we summarize current neuroscientific understanding how affects single neurons networks neurons. We then review key results have informed our neuromodulation shapes these neuron network properties thereby enables appropriate allocation relevant external internal events. Finally, highlight areas where believe hypotheses can be formulated tackled experimentally in near future, critically increasing implemented cellular levels. The limited processing capacity perceptual system poses complex computational problem for humans other organisms: which inputs behavioral goals? Decades has now been devoted instantiate required "selectivity" allows organism prioritize, bias, over irrelevant inputs. Neuronal may biased by both bottom-up top-down influences. former reflects biasing sensory due stimulus saliency (brightness, movement, size, example), causes features "pop-out" from their surroundings capture Top-down on hand voluntary guidance locations, features, objects environment. In this way, line goals (Desimone Duncan, 1995Desimone R. Duncan J. Neural mechanisms selective visual attention.Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 1995; 18: 193-222Crossref PubMed Google Scholar). A prefrontal parietal cortical involved selection attention, cognitive functions as working memory inhibitory control (Bichot et al., 2015Bichot N.P. Heard M.T. DeGennaro E.M. 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Язык: Английский

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The effects of stress exposure on prefrontal cortex: Translating basic research into successful treatments for post-traumatic stress disorder

Neurobiology of Stress, Год журнала: 2014, Номер 1, С. 89 - 99

Опубликована: Окт. 27, 2014

Research on the neurobiology of stress response in animals has led to successful new treatments for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) humans. Basic research found that high levels catecholamine release during rapidly impair top-down cognitive functions prefrontal cortex (PFC), while strengthening emotional and habitual responses amygdala basal ganglia. Chronic exposure leads dendritic atrophy PFC, extension amygdala, noradrenergic (NE) system. High NE engage low affinity alpha-1 adrenoceptors, (and likely beta-1 adrenoceptors), which reduce firing PFC neurons, but strengthen function. In contrast, moderate nonstress conditions higher alpha-2A receptors, weaken regulate cell firing. Thus, either receptor blockade or stimulation can protect function stress. Patients with PTSD have signs dysfunction. Clinical studies blocking receptors prazosin, stimulating guanfacine clonidine be useful reducing symptoms PTSD. Placebo-controlled trials shown prazosin is helpful veterans, active duty soldiers civilians PTSD, including improvement such as impaired concentration impulse control. Open label suggest may especially treating children adolescents who experienced trauma. understanding begun help patients disorders.

Язык: Английский

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Computational Psychiatry

Neuron, Год журнала: 2014, Номер 84(3), С. 638 - 654

Опубликована: Ноя. 1, 2014

Язык: Английский

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Working models of working memory

Current Opinion in Neurobiology, Год журнала: 2013, Номер 25, С. 20 - 24

Опубликована: Дек. 4, 2013

Язык: Английский

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Mechanisms contributing to prefrontal cortex maturation during adolescence

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 70, С. 4 - 12

Опубликована: Май 25, 2016

Язык: Английский

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The Slow Oscillation in Cortical and Thalamic Networks: Mechanisms and Functions

Frontiers in Neural Circuits, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 9

Опубликована: Янв. 14, 2016

During even the most quiescent behavioral periods, cortex and thalamus express rich spontaneous activity in form of slow (<1 Hz), synchronous network state transitions. Throughout this so-called oscillation, cortical thalamic neurons fluctuate between periods intense synaptic (Up states) almost complete silence (Down states). The two decades since original characterization oscillation have seen considerable advances deciphering cellular mechanisms associated with pervasive phenomenon. There are, nevertheless, many questions regarding that await more thorough illumination, particularly by which Up states initiate terminate, functional role rhythmic cycles unconscious or minimally conscious states, precise relation activated waking behavior. Given substantial multineuronal recording imaging methods both vivo vitro preparations, time is ripe to take stock our current understanding pave way for future investigations its functions. My aim Review provide a comprehensive account functions suggest avenues further exploration.

Язык: Английский

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