Pharmacology of cannabinoids in the treatment of epilepsy

Epilepsy & Behavior, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 70, С. 313 - 318

Опубликована: Янв. 11, 2017

Язык: Английский

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Therapeutic effects of cannabinoids in animal models of seizures, epilepsy, epileptogenesis, and epilepsy-related neuroprotection

Epilepsy & Behavior, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 70, С. 319 - 327

Опубликована: Фев. 10, 2017

Язык: Английский

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Progress in brain cannabinoid CB2 receptor research: From genes to behavior

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 98, С. 208 - 220

Опубликована: Янв. 3, 2019

Язык: Английский

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Cytokines in Pain: Harnessing Endogenous Anti-Inflammatory Signaling for Improved Pain Management

Frontiers in Immunology, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 10

Опубликована: Дек. 23, 2019

Current pain therapeutics offer inadequate relief to patients with chronic pain. A growing literature supports that pro-inflammatory cytokine signaling between immune, glial, and neural cells is integral the development of pathological Modulation these communications may hold key improved management. In this review we first an overview relationships chemokine pain, a focus on actions cytokines chemokines in communication glia (astrocytes microglia), immune (macrophages T cells), neurons. These interactions will be discussed relation both peripheral central nervous system locations. Several novel non-neuronal drug targets for controlling are emerging as highly promising, including non-viral IL-10 gene therapy, which potential substantial through localized modulation targeted pathways. Preclinical investigation mechanisms underlying success therapy revealed unexpected discovery powerful anti-nociceptive anti-inflammatory properties D-mannose, adjuvant therapeutic formulation. This include approaches showing most promise via increased expression like interleukin-10 (IL-10) or IL-4, by directly limiting bioavailability specific cytokines, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) TNF soluble receptor (TNFSR). Approaches increase endogenous additional opportunities not candidates therapy. Promising avenues here disruption lymphocyte function-associated antigen (LFA-1) activity, antagonism at cannabinoid 2 (CB2R), toll-like 4 (TLR4) antagonism. Given partial efficacy current drugs, new strategies manipulate neuroimmune considerable promise.

Язык: Английский

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A comprehensive review of the multifaceted role of cannabinoid receptor type 2 in neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders

Pharmacological Research, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 213, С. 107657 - 107657

Опубликована: Фев. 19, 2025

Research carried out during the last 30 years since first identification of CB2r in 1993 has changed landscape this receptor's role and therapeutic utility. Initially, studies focused on elucidating at periphery it was characterized spleen lymphocytes. Later, found brain not only under pathological conditions but also basal conditions. It is now known that receptor expressed different regions cell types, including neurons microglia. Experimental have provided robust evidence involved modulation immune system, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress neuroprotection. Besides, mediated response to stress, anxiety, depression. Also, plays a relevant modulating reinforcing properties drugs abuse, alcohol, nicotine cocaine. In review, we summarize cumulative knowledge regarding immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, neuroprotective against development neurodegenerative diseases. Indeed, cover anxiolytic antidepressant potential CB2r, which raises interest psychiatric diseases associated with anxiety Finally, discuss involvement regulation drug addiction. A better understanding essential for pharmacological neurodegenerative, psychiatric, addictive disorders.

Язык: Английский

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An overview of the cannabinoid type 2 receptor system and its therapeutic potential

Current Opinion in Anaesthesiology, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 31(4), С. 407 - 414

Опубликована: Май 24, 2018

This narrative review summarizes recent insights into the role of cannabinoid type 2 (CB2) receptor as potential therapeutic target in neuropathic pain and neurodegenerative conditions.The system continues to receive attention a target. The CB2 is primarily expressed on glial cells only when there active inflammation appears be devoid undesired psychotropic effects or addiction liability. has been shown have models diseases with limited no currently approved therapies, such conditions Alzheimer's disease.The functional involvement other neuroinflammatory highlights drugs acting at receptor.

Язык: Английский

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Cannabinoid type 2 receptors in dopamine neurons inhibits psychomotor behaviors, alters anxiety, depression and alcohol preference

Scientific Reports, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 7(1)

Опубликована: Дек. 6, 2017

Cannabinoid CB2 receptors (CB2Rs) are expressed in mouse brain dopamine (DA) neurons and involved several DA-related disorders. However, the cell type-specific mechanisms unclear since CB2R gene knockout mice constitutive knockout. Therefore, we generated Cnr2-floxed that were crossed with DAT-Cre mice, which Cre- recombinase expression is under transporter (DAT) promoter control to ablate Cnr2 midbrain DA of DAT-Cnr2 conditional (cKO) mice. Using a novel sensitive RNAscope situ hybridization, detected mRNA VTA wildtype cKO heterozygous but not homozygous Here report deletion CB2Rs enhances motor activities, modulates anxiety depression-like behaviors reduces rewarding properties alcohol. Our data reveals tetrad assay induced by cannabinoids had been associated CB1R agonism. GWAS studies indicates CNR2 Parkinson's disease substance use These results suggest dopaminergic may play important roles modulation psychomotor behaviors, anxiety, depression, pain sensation effects alcohol cocaine.

Язык: Английский

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CB2 Receptor in Microglia: The Guardian of Self-Control

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 22(1), С. 19 - 19

Опубликована: Дек. 22, 2020

Microglia are key to maintaining the homeostasis of brain. These immune cells brain can be our biggest ally in fighting infections, but worsen pathology or hinder recovery when uncontrolled. Thus, understanding how microglia contribute neuroinflammatory processes and their activity controlled is great importance. It known that activation endocannabinoid system, especially cannabinoid type 2 receptor (CB2R), decreases inflammation. Alongside its non-psychoactive effect, it makes CB2R a perfect target for treating diseases accompanied by neuroinflammation including neurodegenerative diseases. However, exact mechanisms which regulates microglial not yet understood. Here, we review current knowledge on roles from vitro vivo studies. We look into function under physiological pathological conditions focus four different disease models representing chronic acute highlight open questions controversies provide an update latest discoveries were enabled development novel technologies. Also, discuss recent findings role cognition neuron–microglia communication.

Язык: Английский

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A systematic review on the neuroprotective perspectives of beta‐caryophyllene

Phytotherapy Research, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 32(12), С. 2376 - 2388

Опубликована: Окт. 3, 2018

Beta (β)‐caryophyllene (BCAR) is a major sesquiterpene of various plant essential oils reported for several important pharmacological activities, including antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, anticancer, cardioprotective, hepatoprotective, gastroprotective, nephroprotective, antimicrobial, and immune‐modulatory activity. Recent studies suggest that it also possesses neuroprotective effect. This study reviews published reports pertaining to the neuropharmacological activities BCAR. Databases such as PubMed, Scopus, MedLine Plus, Google Scholar with keywords “beta (β)‐caryophyllene” other neurological were searched. Data extracted by referring articles information about dose or concentration/route administration, test system, results discussion, proposed mechanism action. A total 545 research recorded, 41 experimental included in this review, after application exclusion criterion. Search BCAR exhibits protective role number nervous system‐related disorders pain, anxiety, spasm, convulsion, depression, alcoholism, Alzheimer's disease. Additionally, has local anesthetic‐like activity, which could protect system from oxidative stress inflammation can act an immunomodulatory agent. Most natural product have been linked cannabinoid receptors (CBRs), especially CB2R. review suggests possible

Язык: Английский

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Cannabinoid CB2 receptors in the mouse brain: relevance for Alzheimer’s disease

Journal of Neuroinflammation, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 15(1)

Опубликована: Май 24, 2018

Because of their low levels expression and the inadequacy current research tools, CB2 cannabinoid receptors (CB2R) have been difficult to study, particularly in brain. This receptor is especially relevant context neuroinflammation, so novel tools are needed unveil its pathophysiological role(s). We generated a transgenic mouse model which enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) under control cnr2 gene promoter through insertion an Internal Ribosomal Entry Site followed by EGFP coding region immediately 3′ crossed these mice with expressing five familial Alzheimer's disease (AD) mutations (5xFAD). Expression was below level detection all regions central nervous system (CNS) that we examined. CB2R-dependent-EGFP detected CNS 3-month-old AD areas intense inflammation amyloid deposition; coincident appearance plaques cortex, hippocampus, brain stem, thalamus. The increased as function plaque formation subsequent microgliosis restricted microglial cells located close proximity neuritic plaques. CB2R deletion exhibited decreased no changes IL1β expression. Using reporter line, found evidence for healthy but clear up-regulation amyloid-triggered neuroinflammation. Data from null indicate they play complex role response formation.

Язык: Английский

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