Social Learning Strategies: Bridge-Building between Fields

Trends in Cognitive Sciences, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 22(7), С. 651 - 665

Опубликована: Май 11, 2018

Язык: Английский

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Toward a hierarchical model of social cognition: A neuroimaging meta-analysis and integrative review of empathy and theory of mind.

Psychological Bulletin, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 147(3), С. 293 - 327

Опубликована: Ноя. 5, 2020

Along with the increased interest in and volume of social cognition research, there has been higher awareness a lack agreement on concepts taxonomy used to study processes. Two central field, empathy Theory Mind (ToM), have identified as overlapping umbrella terms for different processes limited convergence. Here, we review integrate evidence brain activation, organization, behavior into coherent model social-cognitive We start meta-analytic clustering neuroimaging data across tasks. Results show that understanding others' mental states can be described by multilevel hierarchical structure, similar models intelligence personality research. A level describes more broad abstract classes functioning, whereas lower one explains how functions are applied concrete contexts given particular stimulus task formats. Specifically, our suggests 3 groups neurocognitive processes: (a) predominantly cognitive processes, which engaged when mentalizing requires self-generated decoupled from physical world; (b) affective witness emotions others based shared emotional, motor, somatosensory representations; (c) combined engage parallel. discuss these explained an underlying principal gradient structural organization. Finally, validate ToM interrelations found behavioral studies. (PsycInfo Database Record 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

Язык: Английский

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The anatomy of apathy: A neurocognitive framework for amotivated behaviour

Neuropsychologia, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 118, С. 54 - 67

Опубликована: Июль 8, 2017

Apathy is a debilitating syndrome associated with many neurological disorders, including several common neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease, focal lesion syndromes stroke. Here, we review neuroimaging studies to identify anatomical correlates of apathy, across brain disorders. Our analysis reveals that apathy strongly disruption particularly dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC), ventral striatum (VS) connected regions. Remarkably, these changes are consistent clinical disorders imaging modalities. Review the findings allows us develop neurocognitive framework consider potential mechanisms underlying apathy. According this perspective, an interconnected group regions – dACC VS at its core plays crucial role in normal motivated behaviour. Specifically argue behaviour requires willingness work, keep working, learn what worth working for. We propose deficits any one or more processes can lead outline specific approaches test hypothesis. A richer neurobiological understanding should ultimately facilitate development effective therapies for disabling condition.

Язык: Английский

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Understanding Emotions: Origins and Roles of the Amygdala

Biomolecules, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 11(6), С. 823 - 823

Опубликована: Май 31, 2021

Emotions arise from activations of specialized neuronal populations in several parts the cerebral cortex, notably anterior cingulate, insula, ventromedial prefrontal, and subcortical structures, such as amygdala, ventral striatum, putamen, caudate nucleus, tegmental area. Feelings are conscious, emotional experiences these that contribute to networks mediating thoughts, language, behavior, thus enhancing ability predict, learn, reappraise stimuli situations environment based on previous experiences. Contemporary theories emotion converge around key role amygdala central brain structure constantly evaluates integrates a variety sensory information surroundings assigns them appropriate values dimensions, valence, intensity, approachability. The participates regulation autonomic endocrine functions, decision-making adaptations instinctive motivational behaviors changes through implicit associative learning, short- long-term synaptic plasticity, activation fight-or-flight response via efferent projections its nucleus cortical structures.

Язык: Английский

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Anterior cingulate inputs to nucleus accumbens control the social transfer of pain and analgesia

Science, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 371(6525), С. 153 - 159

Опубликована: Янв. 7, 2021

Social transmission of pain and relief In mice, both fear can be transferred by short social contact from one animal to a bystander. Neurons in brain region called the anterior cingulate cortex bystander mediate these transfers. However, specific projections involved such empathy-related behaviors are unknown. Smith et al. found that nucleus accumbens necessary for transfer mice (see Perspective Klein Gogolla). Fear, however, was mediated basolateral amygdala. Interestingly, animals with pain, analgesia also socially. Science , this issue p. 153 ; see 122

Язык: Английский

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Corticoamygdala Transfer of Socially Derived Information Gates Observational Learning

Cell, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 173(6), С. 1329 - 1342.e18

Опубликована: Май 1, 2018

Язык: Английский

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Is it time to revise the diagnostic criteria for apathy in brain disorders? The 2018 international consensus group

European Psychiatry, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 54, С. 71 - 76

Опубликована: Июль 17, 2018

Abstract Background: Apathy is a very common behavioural and psychological symptom across brain disorders. In the last decade, there have been considerable advances in research on apathy motivation. It thus important to revise diagnostic criteria published 2009. The main objectives were to: a) definition of apathy; b) update list dimensions; c) operationalise criteria; d) suggest appropriate assessment tools including new technologies. Methods: expert panel (N = 23) included researchers health care professionals working disorders apathy, representative regulatory body, pharmaceutical industry. revised for developed two-step process. First, following standard Delphi methodology, experts asked answer questions via web-survey two rounds. Second, all collected information was discussed occasion 26th European Congress Psychiatry held Nice (France). Results: defined as quantitative reduction goal-directed activity comparison patient’s previous level functioning (criterion A). Symptoms must persist at least four weeks, affect three dimensions (behaviour/cognition; emotion; social interaction; criterion B). should cause identifiable functional impairments C), not be fully explained by other factors, such effects substance or major changes environment (Criterion D). Table 1 2018. CRITERION A: A either behavioral, cognitive, emotional these areas. These may reported patient himself/herself observation others. B: presence 2 3 period weeks present most time B1. BEHAVIOUR & COGNITION Loss of, diminished, behaviour cognitive evidenced one following: General activity: has reduced home work, makes less effort initiate accomplish tasks spontaneously, needs prompted perform them. Persistence He/she persistent maintaining an conversation, finding solutions problems thinking alternative ways them if they become difficult. Making choices: interest takes longer make choices when different alternatives exist (e.g., selecting TV programs, preparing meals, choosing from menu, etc.) Interest external issue: reacts news, good bad, doing things Personal wellbeing: interested his/her own wellbeing personal image (general appearance, grooming, clothes, etc.). B2. EMOTION emotion Spontaneous emotions: shows spontaneous (self-generated) emotions regarding their affairs, appears events that matter him/her people he/she knows well. Emotional reactions environment: expresses reaction response positive negative well go responding jokes, program movie, disturbed do would prefer do). Impact others: concerned about impact actions feelings around him/her. Empathy: empathy others becoming happy sad someone sad, being moved need help). Verbal physical expressions: verbal reveal states. B3. SOCIAL INTERACTION diminished engagement interaction initiative: initiative spontaneously proposing leisure activities family Environmentally stimulated interaction: participates less, comfortable more indifferent suggested Relationship with members: members know what happening them, meet arrangements contact them). likely withdraws soon it Homebound : He /She stays frequently than usual getting out people. C symptoms (A - B) clinically significant impairment personal, social, occupational, areas functioning. D are exclusively due disabilities (e.g. blindness loss hearing), motor disabilities, consciousness, direct physiological drug abuse, medication), environment. Conclusions: provide clinical scientific framework increase validity construct. This also help pave path interventional target.

Язык: Английский

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The neural and computational systems of social learning

Nature reviews. Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 21(4), С. 197 - 212

Опубликована: Март 12, 2020

Язык: Английский

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Motor and emotional behaviours elicited by electrical stimulation of the human cingulate cortex

Brain, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 141(10), С. 3035 - 3051

Опубликована: Июль 20, 2018

The cingulate cortex is a mosaic of different anatomical fields, whose functional characterization still matter debate. In humans, one method that may provide useful insights on the role regions, and to tackle issue differences between its anterior, middle posterior subsectors, intracortical electrical stimulation. While previous reports showed variety integrated behaviours could be elicited by stimulating midcingulate cortex, little known about effects stimulation anterior regions. Moreover, internal arrangement within unknown. present study, we extended studies retrospectively analysing all clinical manifestations induced intracerebral high frequency (50 Hz, pulse width: 1 ms, 5 s, current intensity: average intensity 2.7 ± 0.7 mA, biphasic) entire in cohort 329 drug-resistant epileptic patients (1789 sites) undergoing stereo-electroencephalography for presurgical evaluation. large number patients, hand, accurate multimodal image-based localization electrodes, other allowed us assign specific properties modern subdivisions cortex. Behavioural or subjective responses were from 32.3% sites, mainly located pregenual We found clear part hosting majority emotional, interoceptive autonomic responses, sector, controlling complex motor behaviours. Particularly interesting was 'actotopic' organization arranged along ventro-dorsal axis: (i) whole-body directed extra-personal space, such as getting-up impulses, ventrally, close corpus callosum; (ii) hand actions peripersonal space evoked intermediate position; (iii) body-directed dorsal branch sulcus. caudal were, contrast, poorly excitable, devoted sensory modalities. particular, hosted vestibular while principal recipient visual effects. will discuss our data light controversies cognition emotion.

Язык: Английский

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The anatomy of empathy: Vicarious experience and disorders of social cognition

Behavioural Brain Research, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 311, С. 255 - 266

Опубликована: Май 26, 2016

Empathy, the ability to vicariously experience and understand affect of other people, is fundamental for successful social-cognitive behaviour. Empathy thought be a critical facilitator prosocial behaviour disrupted in number psychiatric neurological disorders. Research has begun uncover neural basis such 'vicarious experience', which been studied as proxy measure empathy. Together, these studies have identified portions insula anterior cingulate cortex critically involved. A key debate whether overlapping or non-overlapping brain areas respond personal vicarious experience. This review will highlight emerging evidence both types response. Importantly, animal models suggested that there are central divisions between gyrus sulcus may crucial understanding social Attention this specific anatomy processing could therefore help shed light on functional profile Studies individuals with psychopathy autism spectrum disorders found atypical. However, precise nature atypicalities mixed. Understanding mechanisms can enhance our knowledge empathy and, ultimately, those cognition

Язык: Английский

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