Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience,
Год журнала:
2020,
Номер
14
Опубликована: Сен. 10, 2020
Research
on
critical
periods
of
brain
development
is
greatly
expanding
our
understanding
the
cellular
and
molecular
mechanisms
underlying
epochs
heightened
plasticity
driven
by
environmental
influence.
Novel
studies
have
started
to
reveal
that
timely
interventions
during
hold
potential
reorient
abnormal
developmental
trajectories
in
animal
models
neurological
neuropsychiatric
disorders.
In
this
review,
we
re-examine
fundamental
criteria
characterize
a
period,
highlighting
recently
discovered
health
disease.
addition,
touch
upon
technological
improvements
modelling
human-derived
neural
networks
vitro.
These
scientific
advances
associated
with
use
manipulations
immature
represent
promising
new
preclinical
setting
will
allow
future
translatability
into
clinical
applications
for
neurodevelopmental
disorders
such
as
intellectual
disability,
autism
spectrum
schizophrenia.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,
Год журнала:
2019,
Номер
116(28), С. 14270 - 14279
Опубликована: Июнь 24, 2019
Significance
Patients
suffering
from
ischemic
strokes
have
limited
therapeutic
options
and
are
often
left
with
considerable
disabilities.
To
promote
neurological
recovery,
angiogenesis
has
been
proposed
as
a
promising
target.
So
far,
experimental
efforts
to
enhance
vessel
growth
almost
exclusively
focused
on
vascular
factor
supplementation;
this
approach
shown
not
be
clinically
viable
due
hemorrhagic
risks.
Here,
we
pursued
an
alternative
by
targeting
the
guidance
molecule
Nogo-A,
which
recently
inhibit
developmental
central
nervous
system
angiogenesis.
Blockage
of
Nogo-A
pathway
results
in
restoration
mature
bed
within
periinfarct
zone.
Moreover,
observe
enhanced
recovery-associated
tissue
responses
regain
motor
functions
that
strongly
correlate
growth.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,
Год журнала:
2019,
Номер
116(14), С. 7071 - 7076
Опубликована: Март 19, 2019
Significance
Particular
inhibitory
neurons
containing
parvalbumin
(PV)
play
a
critical
role
in
determining
the
time
course
by
which
experience
shapes
developing
brain
circuits.
Embedded
deep
within
cortical
gray
matter,
extracellular
matrices
enwrapping
PV-positive
(PV+)
cells
have
remained
difficult
to
study
partly
due
small
length
scale
on
they
are
organized.
To
overcome
such
challenges,
we
used
superresolution
fluorescence
imaging
approach
visualize
these
perineuronal
nets
(PNNs),
specialized
form
of
matrix
for
maintaining
mature
PV+
neuron
function
and
their
synaptic
inputs.
We
quantified
changes
that
define
PNN
structure
identified
specific
defects
mouse
model
lacking
MeCP2
,
causative
gene
Rett
syndrome,
regressive
neurodevelopmental
disorder.
Abstract
The
synaptic
transmission
in
the
mammalian
brain
is
not
limited
to
interplay
between
pre-
and
postsynapse
of
neurons,
but
involves
also
astrocytes
as
well
extracellular
matrix
(ECM)
molecules.
Glycoproteins,
proteoglycans
hyaluronic
acid
ECM
pervade
pericellular
environment
condense
special
superstructures
termed
perineuronal
nets
(PNN)
that
surround
a
subpopulation
CNS
neurons.
present
study
focuses
on
analysis
PNNs
quadruple
knockout
mouse
deficient
for
molecules
tenascin-C
(TnC),
tenascin-R
(TnR),
neurocan
brevican.
Here,
we
analysed
proportion
excitatory
inhibitory
synapses
performed
electrophysiological
recordings
spontaneous
neuronal
network
activity
hippocampal
neurons
vitro
.
While
found
an
increase
number
cultures,
was
significantly
reduced.
This
observation
complemented
with
enhancement
level.
vivo
hippocampus
revealed
reduction
PNN
size
complexity
CA2
region.
In
addition,
microarray
postnatal
day
(P)
21
unravelling
altered
gene
expression
hippocampus.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,
Год журнала:
2019,
Номер
116(52), С. 27063 - 27073
Опубликована: Дек. 16, 2019
Perineuronal
nets
(PNNs),
a
complex
of
extracellular
matrix
molecules
that
mostly
surround
GABAergic
neurons
in
various
brain
regions,
play
critical
role
synaptic
plasticity.
The
function
and
cellular
mechanisms
PNNs
memory
consolidation
reconsolidation
processes
are
still
not
well
understood.
We
hypothesized
protect
long-term
by
limiting
feedback
inhibition
from
parvalbumin
(PV)
interneurons
to
projection
neurons.
Using
behavioral,
electrophysiological,
optogenetic
approaches,
we
investigated
the
fear
potentiation
(LTP).
made
discovery
formation
was
promoted
events
hippocampus
(HP),
also
demonstrated
PNN
both
HP
anterior
cingulate
cortex
(ACC)
is
essential
for
recent
remote
memories.
Removal
resulted
evident
LTP
impairments,
which
were
rescued
acute
application
picrotoxin,
GABAA
receptor
blocker,
indicating
enhanced
cause
impairments
induced
removal.
Moreover,
removal
switched
receptor-mediated
depression
through
presynaptic
mechanism.
Furthermore,
reduced
activity
PV
surrounded
regulated
theta
oscillations
during
consolidation.
Finally,
optogenetically
suppressing
impairment
caused
PNNs.
Altogether,
these
results
unveil
surrounding
protecting
contextual
regulation
neuron
GABA
release.
Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience,
Год журнала:
2020,
Номер
14
Опубликована: Сен. 10, 2020
Research
on
critical
periods
of
brain
development
is
greatly
expanding
our
understanding
the
cellular
and
molecular
mechanisms
underlying
epochs
heightened
plasticity
driven
by
environmental
influence.
Novel
studies
have
started
to
reveal
that
timely
interventions
during
hold
potential
reorient
abnormal
developmental
trajectories
in
animal
models
neurological
neuropsychiatric
disorders.
In
this
review,
we
re-examine
fundamental
criteria
characterize
a
period,
highlighting
recently
discovered
health
disease.
addition,
touch
upon
technological
improvements
modelling
human-derived
neural
networks
vitro.
These
scientific
advances
associated
with
use
manipulations
immature
represent
promising
new
preclinical
setting
will
allow
future
translatability
into
clinical
applications
for
neurodevelopmental
disorders
such
as
intellectual
disability,
autism
spectrum
schizophrenia.
