Reproducible brain-wide association studies require thousands of individuals

Nature, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 603(7902), С. 654 - 660

Опубликована: Март 16, 2022

Abstract Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has transformed our understanding of the human brain through well-replicated mapping abilities to specific structures (for example, lesion studies) and functions 1–3 task functional MRI (fMRI)). Mental health research care have yet realize similar advances from MRI. A primary challenge been replicating associations between inter-individual differences in structure or function complex cognitive mental phenotypes (brain-wide association studies (BWAS)). Such BWAS typically relied on sample sizes appropriate for classical 4 (the median neuroimaging study size is about 25), but potentially too small capturing reproducible brain–behavioural phenotype 5,6 . Here we used three largest datasets currently available—with a total around 50,000 individuals—to quantify effect reproducibility as size. were smaller than previously thought, resulting statistically underpowered studies, inflated replication failures at typical sizes. As grew into thousands, rates began improve inflation decreased. More robust effects detected (versus structural), tests questionnaires) multivariate methods univariate). Smaller expected brain–phenotype variability across population subsamples can explain widespread failures. In contrast non-BWAS approaches with larger lesions, interventions within-person), requires samples thousands individuals.

Язык: Английский

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Linking Structure and Function in Macroscale Brain Networks

Trends in Cognitive Sciences, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 24(4), С. 302 - 315

Опубликована: Фев. 25, 2020

The emergence of network neuroscience allows researchers to quantify the link between organizational features neuronal networks and spectrum cortical functions.Current models indicate that structure function are significantly correlated, but correspondence is not perfect because reflects complex multisynaptic interactions in structural networks.Function cannot be directly estimated from structure, must inferred by higher-order interactions. Statistical, communication, biophysical have been used translate brain function.Structure–function coupling regionally heterogeneous follows molecular, cytoarchitectonic, functional hierarchies. Structure–function relationships a fundamental principle many naturally occurring systems. However, research suggests there an imperfect connectivity brain. Here, we synthesize current state knowledge linking macroscale discuss different types assess this relationship. We argue do include requisite biological detail completely predict function. Structural reconstructions enriched with local molecular cellular metadata, concert more nuanced representations functions properties, hold great potential for truly multiscale understanding structure–function relationship central concept natural sciences engineering. Consider how conformation protein determines its chemical properties and, ultimately, folding into 3D promotes among amino acids, allowing chemically interact other molecules endowing it Conversely, disruption protein's results loss Tellingly, said denatured, highlighting idea changing has fundamentally altered nervous system analogously shaped arrangement neurons populations. synaptic projections forms hierarchy (see Glossary) nested increasingly polyfunctional neural circuits support perception, cognition, action. Modern imaging technology permits high-throughput reconstruction across spatiotemporal scales species (Box 1). 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Язык: Английский

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What Is the Test-Retest Reliability of Common Task-Functional MRI Measures? New Empirical Evidence and a Meta-Analysis

Psychological Science, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 31(7), С. 792 - 806

Опубликована: Июнь 3, 2020

Identifying brain biomarkers of disease risk is a growing priority in neuroscience. The ability to identify meaningful limited by measurement reliability; unreliable measures are unsuitable for predicting clinical outcomes. Measuring activity using task functional MRI (fMRI) major focus biomarker development; however, the reliability fMRI has not been systematically evaluated. We present converging evidence demonstrating poor task-fMRI measures. First, meta-analysis 90 experiments ( N = 1,008) revealed overall reliability—mean intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) .397. Second, test-retest reliabilities priori regions interest across 11 common tasks collected Human Connectome Project 45) and Dunedin Study 20) were (ICCs .067–.485). Collectively, these findings demonstrate that currently suitable discovery or individual-differences research. review how this state affairs came be highlight avenues improving reliability.

Язык: Английский

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Questions and controversies in the study of time-varying functional connectivity in resting fMRI

Network Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 4(1), С. 30 - 69

Опубликована: Дек. 16, 2019

The brain is a complex, multiscale dynamical system composed of many interacting regions. Knowledge the spatiotemporal organization these interactions critical for establishing solid understanding brain's functional architecture and relationship between neural dynamics cognition in health disease. possibility studying through careful analysis neuroimaging data has catalyzed substantial interest methods that estimate time-resolved fluctuations connectivity (often referred to as "dynamic" or time-varying connectivity; TVFC). At same time, debates have emerged regarding application TVFC analyses resting fMRI data, about statistical validity, physiological origins, cognitive behavioral relevance TVFC. These other unresolved issues complicate interpretation findings limit insights can be gained from this promising new research area. This article brings together scientists with variety perspectives on review current literature light issues. We introduce core concepts, define key terms, summarize controversies open questions, present forward-looking perspective how rigorously productively applied investigate wide range questions systems neuroscience.

Язык: Английский

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Neurodevelopment of the association cortices: Patterns, mechanisms, and implications for psychopathology

Neuron, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 109(18), С. 2820 - 2846

Опубликована: Июль 15, 2021

Язык: Английский

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Small sample sizes reduce the replicability of task-based fMRI studies

Communications Biology, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 1(1)

Опубликована: Май 30, 2018

Despite a growing body of research suggesting that task-based functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies often suffer from lack statistical power due to too-small samples, the proliferation such underpowered continues unabated. Using large independent samples across eleven tasks, we demonstrate impact sample size on replicability, assessed at different levels analysis relevant fMRI researchers. We find degree replicability for typical sizes is modest and much larger than (e.g., N = 100) produce results fall well short perfectly replicable. Thus, our join existing line work advocating sizes. Moreover, because test over fairly range use intuitive metrics hope are more understandable convincing researchers who may have found previous inaccessible.

Язык: Английский

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General functional connectivity: Shared features of resting-state and task fMRI drive reliable and heritable individual differences in functional brain networks

NeuroImage, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 189, С. 516 - 532

Опубликована: Янв. 30, 2019

Intrinsic connectivity, measured using resting-state fMRI, has emerged as a fundamental tool in the study of human brain. However, due to practical limitations, many studies do not collect enough data generate reliable measures intrinsic connectivity necessary for studying individual differences. Here we present general functional (GFC) method leveraging shared features across and task fMRI demonstrate Human Connectome Project Dunedin Study that GFC offers better test-retest reliability than estimated from same amount alone. Furthermore, at equivalent scan lengths, displayed higher estimates heritability connectivity. We also found predictions cognitive ability generalized datasets, performing well or Collectively, our work suggests can improve existing datasets and, subsequently, opportunity identify meaningful correlates differences behavior. Given are often collected together, researchers immediately derive more through adoption rather solely data. Moreover, by capturing heritable variation represents novel endophenotype with broad applications clinical neuroscience biomarker discovery.

Язык: Английский

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Spatial and Temporal Organization of the Individual Human Cerebellum

Neuron, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 100(4), С. 977 - 993.e7

Опубликована: Окт. 25, 2018

Язык: Английский

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Using Brain Imaging to Improve Spatial Targeting of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Depression

Biological Psychiatry, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 90(10), С. 689 - 700

Опубликована: Июнь 7, 2020

Язык: Английский

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High-amplitude cofluctuations in cortical activity drive functional connectivity

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 117(45), С. 28393 - 28401

Опубликована: Окт. 22, 2020

Significance Despite widespread applications, the origins of functional connectivity remain elusive. Here we analyze human neuroimaging data. We decompose resting-state across time to assess contributions moment-to-moment activity cofluctuations overall pattern. show that is driven by a small number high-amplitude frames. these frames are underpinned specific mode brain activity; topography this gets modulated during in-scanner tasks; and encode personalized, subject-specific information. In summary, our parameter-free method provides an exact mathematical link between frame-wise cofluctuations, creating opportunities for studying both static time-varying networks.

Язык: Английский

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