Circadian Synchrony: Sleep, Nutrition, and Physical Activity

Frontiers in Network Physiology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 1

Опубликована: Окт. 12, 2021

The circadian clock in mammals regulates the sleep/wake cycle and many associated behavioral physiological processes. cellular mechanism involves a transcriptional negative feedback loop that gives rise to rhythms gene expression with an approximately 24-h periodicity. To maintain system robustness, clocks throughout body must be synchronized their functions coordinated. In mammals, master is located suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of hypothalamus. SCN entrained light/dark through photic signal transduction subsequent induction core expression. turn relays time-of-day information peripheral tissues. While highly responsive cues, are more sensitive non-photic resetting cues such as nutrients, temperature, neuroendocrine hormones. For example, feeding/fasting physical activity can entrain signaling pathways regulation genes proteins. As such, timing food intake matters. ideal world, cycles cycle. However, asynchronous environmental those experienced by shift workers frequent travelers, often lead misalignment between clocks. Emerging evidence suggests resulting disruption various diseases chronic conditions cause further desynchrony accelerate disease progression. this review, we discuss how sleep, nutrition, synchronize chronomedicine may offer novel strategies for intervention.

Язык: Английский

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Retinal TRP channels: Cell-type-specific regulators of retinal homeostasis and multimodal integration

Progress in Retinal and Eye Research, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 92, С. 101114 - 101114

Опубликована: Сен. 24, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Optogenetics for visual restoration: From proof of principle to translational challenges

Progress in Retinal and Eye Research, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 91, С. 101089 - 101089

Опубликована: Июнь 10, 2022

Degenerative retinal disorders are a diverse family of diseases commonly leading to irreversible photoreceptor death, while leaving the inner retina relatively intact. Over recent years, innovative gene replacement therapies aiming halt progression certain inherited have made their way into clinics. By rendering surviving neurons light sensitive optogenetic therapy now offers feasible treatment option that can restore lost vision, even in late disease stages and widely independent underlying cause degeneration. Since proof-of-concept almost fifteen years ago, this field has rapidly evolved detailed first report on treated patient recently been published. In article, we provide review approaches for vision restoration. We discuss currently available tools relative advantages disadvantages. Possible cellular targets will be discussed address question how remodelling may affect choice target what extent it limit outcomes Finally, analyse evidence against tool mediated toxicity challenges associated with clinical translation promising therapeutic concept.

Язык: Английский

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Differences in spike generation instead of synaptic inputs determine the feature selectivity of two retinal cell types

Neuron, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 110(13), С. 2110 - 2123.e4

Опубликована: Май 3, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Unusual phototransduction via cross-motif signaling from G _q to adenylyl cyclase in intrinsically photosensitive retinalganglion cells

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 120(1)

Опубликована: Дек. 29, 2022

Nonimage-forming vision in mammals is mediated primarily by melanopsin (OPN4)-expressing, intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs). In mouse M1-ipRGCs, predominantly activates, via Gαq,11,14, phospholipase C-β4 to open transient receptor 6 (TRPC6) and TRPC7 channels. M2- M4-ipRGCs, however, a prominent phototransduction mechanism involves the opening of hyperpolarization- cyclic nucleotide-gated channels nucleotide, although upstream steps remain uncertain. We report here experiments, on with photo-uncaging nucleotides virally expressed CNGA2 conclude that second messenger adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) - very surprising considering guanosine (cGMP) used almost all nucleotide-mediated mechanisms across animal kingdom. further found G protein likewise Gq, which its Gβγ subunits directly activates adenylyl cyclase (AC). Our findings are demonstration native cell cross-motif GPCR signaling pathway from Gq AC specific function.

Язык: Английский

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Photoreceptive retinal ganglion cells control the information rate of the optic nerve

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 115(50)

Опубликована: Ноя. 28, 2018

Significance Noise in the visual signal falls as ambient light increases, allowing retina to extract more information from scene. We show here that a measure of produced by small number inner retinal photoreceptors [intrinsically photosensitive ganglion cells (ipRGCs)] regulates intrinsic rates spike firing across population form optic nerve. Increased at higher irradiance allows convey information. Our findings reveal potential mechanism for increasing performance high and changes maintained activity can be used provide proactive control over flow CNS.

Язык: Английский

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Function first: classifying cell types and circuits of the retina

Current Opinion in Neurobiology, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 56, С. 8 - 15

Опубликована: Ноя. 15, 2018

Язык: Английский

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Can We See with Melanopsin?

Annual Review of Vision Science, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 6(1), С. 453 - 468

Опубликована: Июнь 3, 2020

A small fraction of mammalian retinal ganglion cells are directly photoreceptive thanks to their expression the photopigment melanopsin. These intrinsically photosensitive (ipRGCs) have well-established roles in a variety reflex responses changes ambient light intensity, including circadian photoentrainment. In this article, we review growing evidence, obtained primarily from laboratory mice and humans, that ability sense via melanopsin is also an important component perceptual form vision. Melanopsin photoreception has low temporal resolution, making it fundamentally biased toward detecting coarse patterns rather than fine details. Nevertheless, can indirectly impact high-acuity vision by driving aspects adaptation ranging pupil constriction visual circuit performance. contributes perceptions brightness, recent data suggest influences appearance not only overall scene but low-frequency patterns.

Язык: Английский

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Overlapping morphological and functional properties between M4 and M5 intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells

The Journal of Comparative Neurology, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 528(6), С. 1028 - 1040

Опубликована: Ноя. 6, 2019

Abstract Multiple retinal ganglion cell (RGC) types in the mouse retina mediate pattern vision by responding to specific features of visual scene. The M4 and M5 melanopsin‐expressing, intrinsically photosensitive (ipRGC) subtypes are two RGC that thought play major roles vision. ipRGCs overlap population with ON‐alpha RGCs, while were recently reported exhibit opponent responses different wavelengths light (color opponency). Despite their seemingly distinct processing, previous reports have suggested these populations may morphological functional properties, which calls into question whether fact types. Here, we show classes ipRGCs, but they cannot be exclusively differentiated based on color opponency dendritic morphology as previously reported. Instead, find can only distinguished soma size number branch points combination SMI‐32 immunoreactivity. These results important implications for clearly defining behavior.

Язык: Английский

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Non-visual Opsins and Novel Photo-Detectors in the Vertebrate Inner Retina Mediate Light Responses Within the Blue Spectrum Region

Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 42(1), С. 59 - 83

Опубликована: Ноя. 24, 2020

Язык: Английский

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