Neuron,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
112(10), С. 1657 - 1675.e10
Опубликована: Апрель 3, 2024
Astrocytes
strongly
promote
the
formation
and
maturation
of
synapses
by
secreted
proteins.
Several
astrocyte-secreted
synaptogenic
proteins
controlling
excitatory
synapse
development
were
identified;
however,
those
that
induce
inhibitory
synaptogenesis
remain
elusive.
Here,
we
identify
neurocan
as
an
protein.
After
secretion
from
astrocytes,
is
cleaved
into
N-
C-terminal
fragments.
We
found
these
fragments
have
distinct
localizations
in
extracellular
matrix.
The
fragment
localizes
to
controls
cortical
function.
Neurocan
knockout
mice
lacking
whole
protein
or
only
its
domain
reduced
numbers
Through
super-resolution
microscopy,
vivo
proximity
labeling
TurboID,
astrocyte-specific
rescue
approaches,
discovered
somatostatin-positive
regulates
their
formation.
Together,
our
results
unveil
a
mechanism
through
which
astrocytes
control
circuit-specific
mammalian
brain.
Cell,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
185(10), С. 1777 - 1792.e21
Опубликована: Май 1, 2022
Spatially
resolved
transcriptomic
technologies
are
promising
tools
to
study
complex
biological
processes
such
as
mammalian
embryogenesis.
However,
the
imbalance
between
resolution,
gene
capture,
and
field
of
view
current
methodologies
precludes
their
systematic
application
analyze
relatively
large
three-dimensional
mid-
late-gestation
embryos.
Here,
we
combined
DNA
nanoball
(DNB)-patterned
arrays
in
situ
RNA
capture
create
spatial
enhanced
resolution
omics-sequencing
(Stereo-seq).
We
applied
Stereo-seq
generate
mouse
organogenesis
spatiotemporal
atlas
(MOSTA),
which
maps
with
single-cell
high
sensitivity
kinetics
directionality
transcriptional
variation
during
organogenesis.
used
this
information
gain
insight
into
molecular
basis
cell
heterogeneity
fate
specification
developing
tissues
dorsal
midbrain.
Our
panoramic
will
facilitate
in-depth
investigation
longstanding
questions
concerning
normal
abnormal
development.
Journal of Anatomy,
Год журнала:
2019,
Номер
235(3), С. 432 - 451
Опубликована: Авг. 2, 2019
The
cerebral
cortex
constitutes
more
than
half
the
volume
of
human
brain
and
is
presumed
to
be
responsible
for
neuronal
computations
underlying
complex
phenomena,
such
as
perception,
thought,
language,
attention,
episodic
memory
voluntary
movement.
Rodent
models
are
extremely
valuable
investigation
development,
but
cannot
provide
insight
into
aspects
that
unique
or
highly
derived
in
humans.
Many
psychiatric
neurological
conditions
have
developmental
origins
studied
adequately
animal
models.
has
some
genetic,
molecular,
cellular
anatomical
features,
which
need
further
explored.
Anatomical
Society
devoted
its
summer
meeting
topic
Human
Brain
Development
June
2018
tackle
these
important
issues.
was
organized
by
Gavin
Clowry
(Newcastle
University)
Zoltán
Molnár
(University
Oxford),
held
at
St
John's
College,
Oxford.
participants
provided
a
broad
overview
structure
context
scaling
relationships
across
brains
mammals,
conserved
principles
recent
changes
lineage.
Speakers
considered
how
progenitors
diversified
generate
an
increasing
variety
cortical
neurons.
formation
earliest
circuits
generated
neurons
subplate
discussed
together
with
their
involvement
neurodevelopmental
pathologies.
Gene
expression
networks
susceptibility
genes
associated
diseases
were
compared
can
identified
organoids
developed
from
induced
pluripotent
stem
cells
recapitulate
vivo
development.
New
views
on
specification
glutamatergic
pyramidal
γ-aminobutyric
acid
(GABA)ergic
interneurons.
With
advancement
various
imaging
methods,
histopathological
observations
now
linked
normal
diseases.
Our
review
gives
general
evaluation
exciting
new
developments
areas.
much
enlarged
association
greater
interconnectivity
areas
each
other
expanded
thalamus.
relative
enlargement
upper
layers,
enhanced
diversity
function
inhibitory
interneurons
transient
layer
during
Here
we
highlight
studies
address
differences
emerge
development
focusing
diverse
facets
our
evolution.
Nature,
Год журнала:
2020,
Номер
598(7879), С. 144 - 150
Опубликована: Ноя. 12, 2020
Abstract
Cortical
neurons
exhibit
extreme
diversity
in
gene
expression
as
well
morphological
and
electrophysiological
properties
1,2
.
Most
existing
neural
taxonomies
are
based
on
either
transcriptomic
3,4
or
morpho-electric
5,6
criteria,
it
has
been
technically
challenging
to
study
both
aspects
of
neuronal
the
same
set
cells
7
Here
we
used
Patch-seq
8
combine
patch-clamp
recording,
biocytin
staining,
single-cell
RNA
sequencing
more
than
1,300
adult
mouse
primary
motor
cortex,
providing
a
annotation
almost
all
transcriptomically
defined
cell
types.
We
found
that,
although
broad
families
types
(those
expressing
Vip
,
Pvalb
Sst
so
on)
had
distinct
essentially
non-overlapping
phenotypes,
individual
within
family
were
not
separated
space.
Instead,
there
was
continuum
variability
morphology
electrophysiology,
with
neighbouring
showing
similar
features,
often
without
clear
boundaries
between
them.
Our
results
suggest
that
neocortex
do
always
form
discrete
entities.
hierarchy
consists
branches
at
level
families,
but
can
continuous
correlated
morpho-electrical
landscapes
families.
The
granular
dorsolateral
prefrontal
cortex
(dlPFC)
is
an
evolutionary
specialization
of
primates
that
centrally
involved
in
cognition.
We
assessed
more
than
600,000
single-nucleus
transcriptomes
from
adult
human,
chimpanzee,
macaque,
and
marmoset
dlPFC.
Although
most
cell
subtypes
defined
transcriptomically
are
conserved,
we
detected
several
exist
only
a
subset
species
as
well
substantial
species-specific
molecular
differences
across
homologous
neuronal,
glial,
non-neural
subtypes.
latter
exemplified
by
human-specific
switching
between
expression
the
neuropeptide
somatostatin
tyrosine
hydroxylase,
rate-limiting
enzyme
dopamine
production
certain
interneurons.
above
also
illustrated
neuropsychiatric
risk
gene
